Behaviour of cows in milking parlour

%25.0020.0015.0010.005.000.00-5.00-10.00-15.00-20.00-25.00Period 1 Period 2 Period 3Day of LactationMilk Yield per LactationDaily Milk YieldFigure 4. Cow’s characteristics - “Last quota”%30.0025.0020.0015.0010.005.000.00-5.00-10.00-15.00-20.00-25.00Period 1 Period 2 Period 3Day of LactationMilk Yield per LactationDaily Milk YieldFigure 5. Cow’s characteristics - “Middle quota”groups of cows were formed in the herd, we aimed to investigate the traits of cows forming the predominant “middle” quota (about 60%),individual traits of animals in them and their change over time. we have established that these were highly productive animals –Figure 3 presents the deviations from the herd average with lactation milk yield by 22% higher than the average one (Figureparameters for the so-called “first” group – cows first to enter for 5). These cows formed the average values of the daily milkthmilking. By the 60 day, these were animals in a more advanced production and lactation day (with the exception of the first 60 daysstage of lactation, with lower lactation milk yield and average daily when they were in early lactation).milk production close to the herd average production. After 4months, the values of all parameters were very close to the herdrdaverage ones. By the 3 period, cows that were first to enter for Conclusionsmilking had a higher daily milk yield, lower lactation milk yield andwere in a earlier stage of lactation. Cows from the “last” quota (FigureCows observed a specific order when entering the milking4) were always with a lower lactation milk yield and were in a laterparlour. The entrance order for milking was mostly influenced by thestage of lactation as compared to herd average. Investigating the110

stage of lactation and at the least extent – by the daily milk heart rate during milking. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 55, 213-production. Cows exhibited a clear preference to milking side, 229.especially marked in animals that were last to enter the parlour (over Lauwere C, Hendriks M, Metz J and Schouten W, 1988.70%). In a herd of 100 cows, three groups are formed with respect to Behaviour of dairy cows under free or forced cow traffic in athe entrance order for milking: 16% that tended to enter first, 18-25% simulated automatic milking system environment. Applied Animalthat are always the last, and the largest, 'tolerant” group of 50-66%. Behaviour Science, 56,1, 13-28.Highly productive cows are never the majority among those that are Tanner M, Grandin T, Cattell M and Deesing M, 1994. Thefirst or last to enter for milking.relationship between facial hair whorls and milking parlour sideThe analysis of results did not allow us to determine precisely preference. Journal of Animal Science, 72, 207.the proportion of the effect of individual traits or the environment on Tossev A, Varlyakov I and Sivkova K, 1989. Cow's behaviour inthe normal milk let-down reflex. It could be however affirmed that in industrial type of housing. A review. Academy of Agriculture, Sofia,all instances, the specific traits of cows in a successful production ISBN 636.2:612.8:591.5:338.924(047).system should be taken into consideration. In general - the Paranhos da Costa M and Broom D, 2001. Consistency of sideconclusion with most substantial practical effect is that when rearing choice in the milking parlour by Holstein-Friesian cows and itsconditions induce an impaired entrance order in the milking parlour relationship with their reactivity and milk yield. Applied Animaland/or do not allow cows taking the preferred milking site, we prеdict Behaviour Science, 70, 177-186.stress in animals and productivity breakdown.Rathore A, 1982. Order of cow entry at milking and its relationshipwith milk yield and consistency of the order. Applied Animal Ethology,8, 45-52.Reinhardt V, 1973. Social rank order and milking order in cows.ReferencesZeitschrift fuer Tierpsycology, 32, 281-292.Varlyakov I, 1989. Ethological evaluation of two technologies forBouissou M, Boissy A, Le Neindre P and Veissier I, 2001. The free housing of dairy cows. Thesis for PhD, Higher Institute forsocial behaviour of cattle. In: Social behaviour in farm animals (eds Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine, Stara Zagora, 236 pp. (Bg).L. Keeling and H. Gonyou). CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Varlyakov I, 1992. A group behavior of cows observed at milking in aCeballos A and Weary D, 2002. Feeding small quantities of grain in milking parlour. Proceedings of the II-nd International Ethologicalthe parlour facilitates pre-milking handling of dairy cows: a note. Youth Meeting,Godollo. July 26 - August 8. Hungary, 245.Applied Animal Behavior Science, 77, 249-254.Varlyakov I and Tossev A, 1989. Behaviour of cows observed atGrasso F, De Rosa G, Napolitano F, Di Francia A and Bordi A, milking in a milking parlour. Proceedings of International Symposium2007. Entrance order and side preference of dairy cows in the “Ethology of Farm Animals”, 2-6 October 1988, Eberswalde,milking parlour. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 6, 187-194. Tierhygiene-Information, Eberswalde-Finow-21, (1989), 77, 3-8.Hasegawa N, Nishiwaki A, Sugawara K and Ito I, 1997. The Varlyakov I and Tossev A, 1990. Investigation on milking reflex ineffects of social exchange between two groups of lactating milking parlour “Herringbone” type. Proceedings of scientific sessionprimiparous heifers on milk production, dominance order, behavior on Faculty of Animal Sience, 4 May, Stara Zagora, 1.and adrenocortical response. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 51, Wasilewski A, 1999. Demonstration and verification of a milking15-27. order in dairy sheep and its extent and consistency. Applied AnimalHopster H, van der Werf J and Blokhuis H, 1998. Side preference Behaviour Science, 64, 111-124.of dairy cows in the milking parlour and its effects on behaviour and111

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, No 2, 2011CONTENTS 1 / 2Genetics and BreedingEffect of the age at first calving on test day production traits in black-and-white cowsZh. GergovskaEgg production potential of Manchurian Golden quail breedersA. GenchevVariability and stability of yield and quality of grain of several bread wheat cultivarsN. Tsenov, I. Stoeva, T. Gubatov, V. PeevaProductive and quality characteristics of brown cottonA. Stoilova, I. Saldzhiev , Zh. TerzievSuperovulation and embryo transfer in goats by using PMSG or FSHA. Pampukidou, T. Alifakiotis, M. Avdi, R. Ivanova6773818894Nutrition and PhysiologyEffect of dietary amino acid concentration on nitrogen balance in PIC hybrid pigsA. Ilchev, G. GanchevComparative studies on some parameters of innate resistance and metabolic profile of sheep and their offspringdepending on the rationB. Bivolarski, Е. Vachkova, S. Laleva, P. Slavova, I. IvanovBehaviour of cows in milking parlourI. Varlyakov, V. Radev, Т. Slavov, N. Grigorova98103107Production SystemsFeeding value of spring vetch (Vicia sativa L.) influenced by preparations with different biological effectY. Naydenova, N. Georgieva, I. NikolovaImpact of mixtures between retardants and combined herbicides on the sowing properties of the durum wheatG. DelchevProfile of lavender oil from second harvestG. Zhekova, N. NedkovEssential oil content and composition of Thyme “German winter”G. Zhekova, A. Dzhurmanski, M. NikolovaEffect of some agronomy factors on the cooking properties of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris Medic L.)G. MilevComparative study of different varieties of red clover in Bulgarian conditionsTs. Mihovski, B. Chourcova, D. MitevStudy on the level of generated vacuum in the teat cup milking chamber as a factor for assessing liner suitabilityV. Vlashev, G. Dineva112117121123126130134

CONTENTS2 / 2Agriculture and EnvironmentContent of heavy metals and metalloids in bees and bee products from areas with different degree ofanthropogenic impactI. Zhelyazkova, S. Atanasova, V. Barakova, G. MihaylovaSpecies composition of weeds in wheat and barleyM. Georgiev, D. Pavlov, G. Beev, M. Gerdzikova, R. BazitovVariability of some biologically active compounds of Tribulus terrestris L.M. Nikolova, A. Ivanova, I. Lazarova, D. Peev, N. ValyovskaOrganic matter status in reclaimed Technosols of BulgariaV. Tsolova, M. Banov136143150155Product Quality and SafetyUse of nearinfrared spectroscopy technology with a remote reflectance fibre-optic probe for predicting of traceelements contents in tobaccoL. Dospatliev, S. AtanassovaOccurrence and distribution of Fusarium species in wheat grainG. Beev, S. Denev, D. PavlovInfluence the extraction acidity level on the amount and chemical composition of essential oil from Rosadamascena Mill.A. DobrevaDistribution of moisture in the soil profile in terms of two soil typesA. Stoyanova, M. TodorovaSlaughtering analysis and chemical composition of rabbit meatA.Kuzelov, E. Atanasova, T. AngelkovaGrain sample quality assessment using Intechn and Unscrambler platformsM. Mladenov, Ts. Draganova, R. Tsenkova160165169172176179

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Volume 3, Number 2June 2011