Breeding evaluation of newly stabilized lines of maize

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 5, No 3, pp 257 - 260, 2013Breeding evaluation of newly stabilized lines of maizeV. Valkova*Maize Research Institute, 5835 Knezha, BulgariaAbstract. General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) of sixteen newly stabilized early maize lines were evaluated by Savchenko'smethod (1978). The lines were tested in five testers by different genetic groups, possessing established high general combining ability. For testing of productivecapacity of the resulting F1 topcross crosses three preliminary variety trials were carried out in the experimental field of the Maize Research Institute, Knezha.The experimental work was carried out in the period of 2009–2011, under conditions without irrigation and plant density 52000 plant/ha. As a result of theseexperiments, inbred lines with high GCA are pointed out (KC 08 23 and KC 08 27), which are recommended as components of new synthetic populations. Thehighest is the SCA of inbred lines KC 08 31, KC 08 32 and XM 08 3. These inbreds may be used in heterosis programs for new high yield hybrid creation. Two ofthe lines (XM 08 1 and KC 08 24) have both high GCA and SCA and can be used in corresponding breeding programs.Keywords: maize lines, combining ability, grain yieldAbbreviations: CA – combining ability, GCA – general combining ability, SCA – specific combining ability, DES – Diethylsulfate, NEU – Nitroso-ethyl-ureaIntroductionon the fields of the Maize Research Institute, Knezha. Lines includedin the study were stabilized in 2008. Four of them (XM 08 1, XM 08 2,The success in heterosis breeding in maize depends mainly on XM 08 3 and XM 08 16) are product of the mutation breeding –properly selected parental forms for the hybridization. In their work obtained by treatment of heterozygous material of Diethylsulfateplant breeders choose the parental form based on: genetic distance (DES) – 0.1% and Nitroso-ethyl-urea ( NEU) – 0.001%, andof the lines, the complex of plant breeding valuable traits, vegetation stabilized in M 4 generation. The rest are made in the traditional way –period, resistance to diseases and insects, and last but not least, as “Pedigree” selection. In order to evaluate their CA, the lines areevaluated by their combining ability ( CA). CA characterizes the included in the topcross hybridization with five testers from differentbreeding value of each line. According to Hayes and Johnson (1939) genetic groups – Stiff Stalk Synthetic, Lancaster and Iodent.it is a genetically determined ability which is controlled by a large Crosses were derived in 2009 and tested in 2010 and 2011. Thenumber of genes with weak activity and is inherited both in selfrepetitions,a test plot of 5 m2, plant density 52000 plant/ha andtrials were carried out by the “Latin rectangle” method on twopollination and cross-pollination and depends on the conditions ofthe environment. For evaluation of CA a few system of crosses is without irrigation.applied – topcross, policross, diallele and setpross (Hritova, 1976; ANOVA was performed by Dimova and Marinkov (1999), andGenova, 1986; Ivanov, 1995; Ilchovska, 2003; Valkova, 2007; CA is assessed through the method of Savchenko (1966, 1978).Petrovska, 2012). Topcross is used in the initial stages of thebreeding test and allows quick and satisfactory valuation of CA of theresearch material (Savchenko, 1978). The success of its Results and discussionimplementation depends primarily on the correct test material andthe crossing of two or more analyzers increases the accuracy of the Agro-climatic characteristics of the region in the years ofvalue. Combining valuable forms is included in the next stage - research include the mean monthly temperatures, the amount ofdiallele or setpross hybridization for testing GCA and SCA. In view of rainfall and the relative humidity of the air and values of the indicatorsthe above, the analysis and evaluation of CA on the breeder valuable for a 55-year period (Table 1). The two years differ substantiallytraits and characteristics of the source material (newly created lines neither in the temperature factor, nor in the relative humidity of theof maize) increases its efficiency as the selection process becomes air. The data show that the average temperature during themore focused, well-founded, greatly facilitates the selection of the vegetation period of maize in the first year of study was higher thancomponents in hybridization and allows breeders to continue their the ones in the 55-year period by 1°С and in the second year it waswork only on perspective forms.higher by 0.6°С. Temperatures are higher during the critical for theThe aim of the this study is to analyse CA for grain yield of new maize ontogenesis months July and August. Temperatures duringearly maize lines in terms of more direct use in different stages of the period 1931 – 1985 are 22.7°С and 22.0°С, respectively. In 2010heterosis selection.the values are 23.4°С and 24.5°С, and in 2011 – 22.7°С and22.8°С.Materials and methodsRelative humidity of the air was lower than the one during the55-year period (68.4%). In 2010 it was 59.6%, and in 2011 – 60.0%.The experimental work was carried out in the period 2009–2011 Much lower were the values of the indicator during the reproductive* e-mail: valkova_valentina@mail.bg257

Table 3. ANOVA of GCA and SCAYears20102011Sources of variation SQ FG S2 FFcritGCA sgiGCA sgjSCAErrorsGCA sgiGCA sgjSCAErrors825721430551789578523445404188402154607915460795504.8357642982.65682.31135131401.845611.9911.80963.6151.845611.9911.80963.6152Table 4. Effects of GCA (gi) and variances of SCA (σsi) for grain yield of early maize hybridsLinesKC 08 1XM 08 1XM 08 2XM 08 3KC 08 15KC 08 16XM 08 16KC 08 23KC 08 24KC 08 25KC 08 26KC 08 27KC 08 30KC 08 31KC 08 32KC 08 332010 2011 Mean2010201112.6459.58-37.00-32.26-52.74-7.2828.882.9856.46-8.68-4.9235.38-1.2010.14-39.68-22.36GCA4.3882.26-32.08-6.16-46.74-11.62-17.3221.3634.54-25.54-17.5433.36-20.88-16.7040.66-22.008.5170.92-34.54-19.21-49.74-9.455.7812.1745.50-17.11-11.2334.37-11.04-3.280.49-22.18552.544011.311924.35524.432027.34698.353486.551288.844175.81335.832412.612558.621737.625486.156736.441782.4SCA4066.552404.261063.492983.044394.521121.961464.732974.889858.06577.95530.261808.552503.035596.074098.922654.16Mean2309.553207.791493.904253.743210.93910.162475.642131.867016.94456.891471.442183.592120.335541.115417.682218.28(SCA). That allows to continue the analysis of CA for grain yield and As an evaluation criterion of the SCA lines the variations in thethe resulting proposals for application of the test material (Table 3). effects of their SCA are used. The data in table 4 show that КС 08 24,The effects of GCA and the variations of the effects of SCA were КС 08 31, КС 08 32 and ХМ 08 3 have the highest SCA from the trialused as evaluation criterion (Table 4). In the two years of study KC 08 lines for grain yield, while КС 08 25 and КС 08 16 are with the lowest23 KC 08 24 and KC 08 27 showed positive and high values of the SCA, respectively. These lines are suitable for including intoeffects of GCA for grain yield from the lines obtained by the classical heterosys programs upon receiving high-yield corn hybrids of thismethod and from the lines produced by the method of chemical maturity group. Especially valuable in terms of selection are lines ХМmutagenesis – XM 08 1. Since GCA is determined by additively 08 1 and КС 08 24, which combine both high general and highacting genes (Griffing, 1956; Turbin et al., 1974), these lines may be specific combining ability, indicating that they have goodused as components for the creation of early synthetics or testers for combination of productivity genes.analysis of the GCA of lines in the earlier stages of the selectionprocess.Opposite manifestation of GCA was observed in lines ХМ 08 16,КС 08 31 and КС 08 32. The observed instability in the manifestation Conclusionof GCA is not unusual, because the involved lines were newlystabilized and did not pass any preliminary selection. These results Suitable lines for creating early synthetics are KC 08 23 and KCof ours support the findings made by Sotchenko (1970), according to 08 27. They can be used as tester GCA in the early stages of thewho “lines, haven't passed any selection before GCA testing, except selection process. The high SCА lines КС 08 31, КС 08 32 and ХМthat they have bigger SCA variance, they have miscellaneous quality 08 3 allows their inclusion in heterosis programs to obtain highand vary more in the events of GCA than the ones, which have yielding maize hybrids. Lines ХМ 08 1 and KC 08 24 have both highpassed this indicator”.GCA and SCA and can be included in the said selection trends.259

ReferencesDimova D and Marinkov E, 1999. Еxperimental work andbiometrics. Academic Publishing House of Agricultural University,Plovdiv (Bg).Genova I, 1986. Quantitative-genetic and genetic-breeding study ofintroduced and local inbred maize lines. Thesis for PhD, MaizeResearch Institute, Knezha (Bg).Griffing B, 1956. Concept of general and specific combining abilityin relation to diallel crossing systems. Australian Journal ofBiological Sciences, 9, 463-493.Hayes AK and Johnson XJ, 1939. The breeding of improved selfedlines of corn. Journal of American Society of Agronomy, 31, p. 710-724.Hristova P, 1976. Study on the inheritance of some elements of theproductivity and yield of maize in connection to heterosis breeding.Thesis for PhD, Maize Research Institute, Knezha (Bg).Ilchovska M, 2003. Breeding and genetic evaluation oftransformant maize lines. Plant Science, 40, 6, 499-502 (Bg).Ivanov S, 1995. Breeding and genetics study on the inheritance ofsome quantitative characteristics in high-lysine maize,homozigouse by Opaque-2 gene. Thesis for PhD, Maize ResearchInstitute, Knezha (Bg).Petrovska N, 2012. Combining ability for grain yield of mid-latemaize inbred lines. Аgricultural Science and Technology, 4, 1, 7 - 9,20 (Bg).Savchenko VK, 1966. Evaluation of common and specificcombining ability of polyploid forms in the diallel crossing systems.Genetics, 1, 29-41 (Ru).Savchenko VK, 1978. Multipurpose method quality evaluation ofthe combining ability in the heterosis selection. Genetics, XIV, 5,793-804 (Ru).Sotchenko VS, 1970. Comparative evaluation of methods for thestudy of combining ability of maize lines. Thesis for PhD (Ru).Turbin NV, Hotayleva LV and Tarutina AA, 1974. Diallel analysis inplant breeding. Science and Technic, Minsk (Ru).Valkova V, 2007. “Combining ability for grain yield of inbred maizelines”, International scientific conference, Plant genetic stoks – thethbasis of agriculture of today, 135 Anniversary of KonstantinMalkov, 125 years Agricultural Sience in Sadovo, p. 135-138 (Bg).260

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Volume 5, Number 3September 2013