Comparative study of different varieties of red clover in Bulgarian ...

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, No 2, pp 130 - 133, 2011Comparative study of different varieties of red clover in Bulgarian conditionsTs. Mihovski*, B. Chourcova, D. MitevResearch Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture, 5600 Troyan, BulgariaAbstract. During the 2007-2009 period in the experimental field of RIMSA – Troyan, a field trial was carried out with 10 varieties of red clover. Five varieties fromSwitzerland and four varieties from Japan were studied for Botanical composition, Morphological analysis, Yield of green mass and dry matter and Chemicalanalysis, comparing them with a Bulgarian candidate variety from Troyan. There were no significant differences with regard to the yields of fresh and dry massfrom the different varieties of red clover. The diploid Japanese variety Sapporo was the highest-yielding and it exceeded the candidate variety from Troyan byalmost 13% and 11% for the fresh and dry mass, respectively. It had also the best chemical composition, therefore it can be recommended to the practice in theforemountainous regions of Bulgaria. The highest presence of red clover was found in the second experimental year. The portion of stems was predominant inthe fresh mass of red clover, followed by that of leaves and flowers.Keywords: red clover, varieties, characteristicsIntroduction1. Botanical composition of green mass – determined inpercentage, through dividing the mowed green mass into red cloverRed clover is one of the most used forage legumes inand all other species.agricultural practice (Sato et al., 2005). Its cultivation is particularly2. Morphological analysis (leafiness) – determination of thepopular in the foremountainous regions where, due to more acidpercentage of leaves, stems and generative organs in the freshsoils, lucerne does not succeed. Under such conditions, Carr (2005)mass, taking an average sample per variant.affirmed that the two crops are equal in forage yield and quality. Very3. Yield of green mass and dry matter – determined by theoften it is also grown as a cover crop that decreases the temperaturegenerally accepted methods through mowing at a height of 3-4 cm.in the ground layer and increases the moisture retention (Thiessen,4. Chemical analysis – determination of crude protein, fiber and2001), as a companion species for weed reduction in main fieldash by generally accepted methods.crops (Singer et al., 2000; Ross et al., 2001), for green manure or fordecrease of the nitrogen fertilizing (Sturz et al., 2003) etc. In RIMSA -Troyan there is a relatively considerable number of variety trials Results and discussioncarried out with red clover, but genetic plasma from distant Japanwas studied for the first time.The data presented in Table 1 show that there were noThe objective of this experiment was to study foreign varieties of significant differences with regard to the yields of fresh and dry massred clover with a view to determining the most suitable ones for the from the different varieties of red clover. Nevertheless, we canconditions of foremountainous parts of Central Northern Bulgaria, as record the diploid Japanese variety Sapporo as the highest-yieldingwell as their use in the future breeding work with red clover. one, exceeding the candidate variety from Troyan by almost 13%and 11% for the fresh and dry mass, respectively. In the Japanesebreeding, the varieties Hokuseki and Tiasetsu had also higher yieldsMaterial and methods– by 9,68 and 7,14 %, respectively, for the dry mass, whereas in theSwiss breeding only variety Mont Calme was by about 8,5% higheryielding.Comparing the Japanese varieties (equal by origin), weThe trial was laid out in the spring of 2007 in the experimentalfield of Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and established that the tetraploid Tiasetsu was not higher-yielding thanAgriculture (RIMSA) by the block method with 4 replications and a the diploid ones. J. Singera et al. (2006), comparing 15 varieties,size of trial plot of 5 sq. m. The following varieties (variants) were reached to the same regularity.sown broadcast, by hand and at a sowing rate of 15 kg/ha: KSThe data of botanical composition presented in Figure 1(candidate variety) from Troyan - (Standard), Pavo 2Х (Switzerland), confirms that red clover is a short-lived herbaceous forage species.Mont Calme (Switzerland), Mervla (Switzerland), Corws Its presence was the greatest during the second experimental year,rd(Switzerland), Renova 2Х (Switzerland), Sapporo 2X (Japan), and in the 3 one its presence decreased for most tested varieties. InHokuseki 2X (Japan), Natsuyu 2X (Japan) and Tiasetsu 4X (Japan). relation to the first cuts, when usually the highest yields wereAfter sowing, the area was rolled. Mowing was conducted at the recorded, only varieties Corws, Renova and Natsuyu had higherstage of budding to early flowering of red clover at a height of 3-4 cm. presence in the sward during the third year. That could be due to theThe following characteristics were recorded:higher percentage of hard seeds, having in mind their low* e-mail: mihovsky@mail.bg130

Table 2. Morphological analysisVariantsFl.st1 cutL.St.2008 2009Fl.nd2 cutL.St.Fl.st1 cutL.St.Fl.nd2 cutL.St.Fl.rd3 cutL.St.123456789107.710.38.211.19.713.014.815.014.819.821.524.116.319.425.822.221.318.320.419.870.865.575.569.464.564.863.966.764.860.530.833.331.833.325.031.838.134.631.634.430.829.222.728.631.322.728.630.826.328.138.537.545.538.143.845.533.334.642.137.56.37.15.88.36.19.17.96.15.69.131.335.729.033.326.836.432.933.338.927.362.557.165.258.367.154.559.260.655.663.615.415.48.313.814.323.513.818.216.711.130.830.833.343.128.623.534.527.327.833.353.853.858.343.157.152.951.754.555.655.612.54.21.85.92.74.33.87.12.85.654.279.286.070.667.674.576.978.690.369.433.316.712.323.529.721.319.214.36.925.0Table 3. Chemical analysis, g/kg DMVariantsCrude proteinCrude fiberAsher1. KS from Troyan, Bulgaria2.Pavo 2Х, Switzerland3.Mont Calme 2Х, Switzerland4.Mervla, Switzerland5.Corws, Switzerland6.Renova, Switzerland7.Sapporo 2X, Japan8.Hokuseki 2X, Japan9.Natsuyu 2X - Japan10.Tiasetsu 4X - Japan151.7167.0166.8165.2166.3168.5170.6165.8167.7169.6238.9225.0226.2227.1238.2221.5210.0216.9217.4218.558.056.160.955.752.354.359.057.658.753.4Conclusionclover varieties in Central Stara planina conditions. Union ofScientis- Vratza, 312-315.There were no significant differences with regard to the yields of Carr PM, Poland WW and, Tisor LJ, 2005. Forage Legumefresh and dry mass from the different varieties of red clover. The Regeneration from the Soil Seed Bank in Western North Dakota .diploid Japanese variety Sapporo was the highest-yielding and it Agronomy Journal, 97, 505-513.exceeded the candidate variety from Troyan by almost 13% and 11% Goranova G, Churkova B and Mihovski Ts, 2003. Study offor fresh and dry mass, respectively. It had also the best chemical Introduced Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) Di- and Tetraploidcomposition, therefore it can be recommended to the practice in the Varieties Grown in Central North Bulgaria, Bulgarian Journal offoremountainous regions of the country. The highest presence of red Agriculture Science, 9, 2, 167-171.clover was found in the second experimental year. The portion of Goranova G and Mihovski Ts, 2005. Study of Reproductivestems was predominant in the fresh mass of red clover, followed by Potential of Diploid and Teraploid Red Clover (Trifolium pretense L.)that of leaves and flowers.Cultivars under Conditions of the Central Balkan Mountains.Bulgarian Journal of Agriculture Science, 11, 141-145.Mihovski Ts, Goranova G, Ghesquiere A and Malengier M, 2005.ReferencesPreliminary results from the tests on fourteen red clover varietiesunder the feromountain condition of Bulgaria. Bulgarian Journal ofAgricultural Science, 11, 565-570.Goranova G and Mihovski Ts, 2000. Forage productivity potential Ross SM, King JR, César Izaurralde R and O'Donovan JT, 2001.and quality in red clover varieties and specimens. Journal of Weed Suppression by Seven Clover Species , Agronomy Journal,Mountain Agriculture on the Balkans, 3, 6, 677-684. 93, 820-827.Goranova G and Mihovski Ts, 2005. Phenotype evaluation of Sato S, Isobe S, Asamizu E, Ohmido N, Kataoka R, Nakamura Y,variability of bioproductive and quality parameters of red clover Kaneko T, Sakurai N, Okumura K, Klimenko I, Sasamoto Sh,(Trifolium pratense L originated from Europe and Asia. Ecology and Wada T, Watanabe A, Kohara M, Fujishiro T and Tabata S, 2005.Future, 2-3, 88-92.Comprehensive Structural Analysis of the Genome of Red CloverMihovsky Ts and Jantcheva N, 1998. Comparative study of red (Trifolium pratense L.). DNA Research, 12, 301–364.clover in Central North Bulgaria conditions. Journal of Mountain Sturz AV, Arsenault W and Christie BR, 2003. Red Clover–PotatoAgriculture on the Balkans, 1, 3-4, 299-302.Cultivar Combinations for Improved Potato Yield. AgronomyMihovski Ts and Kozuharov J, 2001. Comparative study of red Journal, 95, 1089-1092.132

Singer JW, Casler MD and Kohler KA, 2006. Effect on Frost- Agronomy Journal, 92, 754-760.Seeded Red Clover Cultivar Establishment and Yield. Agronomy Thiessen MJR, Hoeppner JW and Entz MH, 2001. Legume CoverJournal, 98, 265-269.Crops with Winter Cereals in Southern Manitoba - Establishment,Singer JW, Cox WJ, Hahn RR and Shields EJ, 2000. Cropping Productivity and Microclimate Effects. Agronomy Journal, 93, 1086-System Effects on Weed Emergence and Densities in Corn. 1096.133

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, No 2, 2011CONTENTS 1 / 2Genetics and BreedingEffect of the age at first calving on test day production traits in black-and-white cowsZh. GergovskaEgg production potential of Manchurian Golden quail breedersA. GenchevVariability and stability of yield and quality of grain of several bread wheat cultivarsN. Tsenov, I. Stoeva, T. Gubatov, V. PeevaProductive and quality characteristics of brown cottonA. Stoilova, I. Saldzhiev , Zh. TerzievSuperovulation and embryo transfer in goats by using PMSG or FSHA. Pampukidou, T. Alifakiotis, M. Avdi, R. Ivanova6773818894Nutrition and PhysiologyEffect of dietary amino acid concentration on nitrogen balance in PIC hybrid pigsA. Ilchev, G. GanchevComparative studies on some parameters of innate resistance and metabolic profile of sheep and their offspringdepending on the rationB. Bivolarski, Е. Vachkova, S. Laleva, P. Slavova, I. IvanovBehaviour of cows in milking parlourI. Varlyakov, V. Radev, Т. Slavov, N. Grigorova98103107Production SystemsFeeding value of spring vetch (Vicia sativa L.) influenced by preparations with different biological effectY. Naydenova, N. Georgieva, I. NikolovaImpact of mixtures between retardants and combined herbicides on the sowing properties of the durum wheatG. DelchevProfile of lavender oil from second harvestG. Zhekova, N. NedkovEssential oil content and composition of Thyme “German winter”G. Zhekova, A. Dzhurmanski, M. NikolovaEffect of some agronomy factors on the cooking properties of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris Medic L.)G. MilevComparative study of different varieties of red clover in Bulgarian conditionsTs. Mihovski, B. Chourcova, D. MitevStudy on the level of generated vacuum in the teat cup milking chamber as a factor for assessing liner suitabilityV. Vlashev, G. Dineva112117121123126130134

CONTENTS2 / 2Agriculture and EnvironmentContent of heavy metals and metalloids in bees and bee products from areas with different degree ofanthropogenic impactI. Zhelyazkova, S. Atanasova, V. Barakova, G. MihaylovaSpecies composition of weeds in wheat and barleyM. Georgiev, D. Pavlov, G. Beev, M. Gerdzikova, R. BazitovVariability of some biologically active compounds of Tribulus terrestris L.M. Nikolova, A. Ivanova, I. Lazarova, D. Peev, N. ValyovskaOrganic matter status in reclaimed Technosols of BulgariaV. Tsolova, M. Banov136143150155Product Quality and SafetyUse of nearinfrared spectroscopy technology with a remote reflectance fibre-optic probe for predicting of traceelements contents in tobaccoL. Dospatliev, S. AtanassovaOccurrence and distribution of Fusarium species in wheat grainG. Beev, S. Denev, D. PavlovInfluence the extraction acidity level on the amount and chemical composition of essential oil from Rosadamascena Mill.A. DobrevaDistribution of moisture in the soil profile in terms of two soil typesA. Stoyanova, M. TodorovaSlaughtering analysis and chemical composition of rabbit meatA.Kuzelov, E. Atanasova, T. AngelkovaGrain sample quality assessment using Intechn and Unscrambler platformsM. Mladenov, Ts. Draganova, R. Tsenkova160165169172176179

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Volume 3, Number 2June 2011