Strength of Giant Resonances
Strength of Giant Resonances
Strength of Giant Resonances
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Limit on strength for each multipole.Electromagnetic Operator Q L =∑ i r iLY LM (θ i )Y LM is a spherical harmonicfor multipole L, magnetic substate M.∑ n E n || 2 = S LEnergy Weighted Sum Ruleif there are no velocity dependent forces.E n is excitation energy <strong>of</strong> state|0> represents wave function <strong>of</strong> ground state“<strong>Giant</strong> Resonance”Contains ~90-99% <strong>of</strong> this strengthRest <strong>of</strong> strength in low lying states <strong>of</strong> nucleus.
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