Webless Migratory Game Bird Program - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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from Sanders and Jarvis (2000) restricted to Oregon, but I was able to find a high concentration of sodium at the only site they reported to be low (
that Interior birds tended to retain more (in number of stones and mass) grit, likely owing to the more diverse nature of their diet. I remain unable to demonstrate why pigeons in the Interior region do not generally use supplemental minerals, other than the apparent lack of sodium-rich mineral sources (i.e., mineralized springs and soils) in the Interior region and the pigeon’s more diverse diet there compared to the Pacific Coast region. My research on the visitation patterns of band-tailed pigeons at mineral sites provides information that is useful for interpreting counts of pigeons at mineral sites in July, as is done annually by government wildlife agencies to monitor the status of these populations. Counts of pigeons at mineral sites probably represent only a fraction of the birds in that area (considering that some birds don’t use mineral sites, some only once, and others visit on average once every 13.4 days, and counts through noon represent only 72.8% of birds likely to use the site in any one day). Also, birds using mineral sites generally do not return more than once in a day after they have successfully obtained supplemental minerals; and if they did, the second visit would likely be after about 3 PM, so the probability of double counting birds before then is very low. However, because the cause and effect relationship resulting in mineral site use remains unknown, there continues to be a lack of assurance that counts at mineral sites represent an unbiased proportion of the population across space and time. The number of birds that pursue nesting activities, the number of initiated nests, and the distribution of birds are known to be highly related to food availability, and food availability (e.g., Pacific dogwood vs. elderberries and cascara) varies annually and geographically and could influence the extent of interest in supplemental minerals accordingly. This study provides results with application throughout the species’ range where little is known about supplemental mineral use and contributes to the priority research needs for this species where the population status is largely either unknown or thought to be less abundant than in the past. Specifically, this research provides information toward developing reliable population monitoring techniques for use throughout the range of the species, describing seasonal habitats essential for maintaining pigeon populations, and understanding the effects of land management practices on food (and associated supplemental mineral) availability and abundance 31 needed to maintain breeding populations. This work could not have been completed without the financial support provided by the Webless Migratory Game Bird Program. This work also would not have been possible without the substantial contributions of cooperators including: Ryan Koch, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Peter Cheeke, Oregon State University; Don Kraege, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife; Brad Bales, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife; Jesse Garcia, California Department of Fish and Game; Scott Hayes, Arbor House Tree Farm; Frank Tepley, Oregon State University; Jay Bogiatto, Chico State University; Steve Cordes, California Department of Fish and Game; Terry Strange, Strange Resource Management; Bob Trost, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Laurence Schafer, U.S. APHIS Wildlife Services; Gary Renfro; David Schmedding; Scot Williamson, Wildlife Management Institute; Ken Richkus, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and numerous biologists, sportsmen, and private landowners. Additional Planned Work The created mineral site in southwestern Washington will be monitored at least during June–September in 2012 and offer only sodium. Use patterns will be compared to the 2 previous years when the site offered both sodium and calcium to verify that mineral station use patterns remain unchanged. Manuscripts will be prepared and submitted for publication in scientific journals. Literature Cited Braun, C. E. 1994. Band-tailed pigeon. Pages 60–74 in T. C. Tacha and C. E. Braun (editors), Migratory shore and upland game bird management in North America. International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Washington, D. C. Jarvis, R. L., and M. F. Passmore. 1992. Ecology of band-tailed pigeons in Oregon. Biological Report 6, U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington D. C. Keppie, D. M., and C. E. Braun. 2000. Band-tailed Pigeon (Columbia fasciata). In The Birds of North America, No. 530 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
Page 1 and 2: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Webles
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Development and History of
Page 5 and 6: HISTORY AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE W
Page 7 and 8: Program Administration The USFWS Pr
Page 9 and 10: Appendix A - Priority Information N
Page 11 and 12: Table 1. Harvest and crippling of m
Page 13 and 14: idge between current monitoring eff
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1. Estimated age ratios of m
Page 17 and 18: other, showing similar behavior (e.
Page 19 and 20: Table 5. Detection probability and
Page 21 and 22: mechanism for accurate aging of whi
Page 23 and 24: Currently laboratory measurements o
Page 25 and 26: Band-tailed Pigeons BAND-TAILED PIG
Page 27 and 28: flux:rock), fused at 1000°C in a m
Page 29 and 30: The mineral station design was adju
Page 31 and 32: unripe], cascara, and blue elderber
Page 33: at the station each day ranged from
Page 37 and 38: Sandhill Cranes POPULATION GENETIC
Page 39 and 40: distinguishing between nearly ident
Page 41 and 42: Table 2. Pairwise Fst Values betwee
Page 43 and 44: VHF transmitters were synchronized
Page 45 and 46: Alternatively, a different survey m
Page 47 and 48: (Bennett and Bennett 1990, Nesbitt
Page 49 and 50: Spatial Data Landscape-scale data
Page 51 and 52: time-dependent variable of minimum
Page 53 and 54: We found colt survival was lower on
Page 55 and 56: McWethy, D. B., and J. E. Austin. 2
Page 57 and 58: Recent advancements in technology a
Page 59 and 60: Wildlife Resource Agency, Obion (So
Page 61 and 62: Figure 4. Preliminary breeding terr
Page 63 and 64: American Woodcock HABITAT USE AND O
Page 65 and 66: Figure 2: Map of a pointing dog tra
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4: Kriged 13th secondary fea
Page 69 and 70: Texas A&M University, College Stati
Page 71 and 72: ASSESSMENT OF TECHNIQUES FOR EVALUA
Page 73 and 74: ivers, marshes, and shrub swamps. V
Page 75 and 76: adio-marked broods 5-7 days per wee
Page 77 and 78: adult female, considerably lower th
Page 79 and 80: FACTORS AFFECTING DETECTION OF AMER
Page 81 and 82: We classified land-cover types at e
Page 83 and 84: were neighbor = 1.0, observer = 1.0
Page 85 and 86:
was included within the official su
Page 87 and 88:
Beyer, H. L. 2004. Hawth's Analysis
Page 89 and 90:
Marshbirds THE EFFECT OF WATERFOWL
Page 91 and 92:
Table 2. Relative Importance of mod
Page 93 and 94:
nests to account for repeated measu
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Literature Cited Bogner, H. E. and
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a common nest substrate. Tall forms
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despite rails’ apparent ability t
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EVALUATION OF AN EXPERT-BASED LANDS
Page 103 and 104:
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL MARS
Page 105 and 106:
truthed before the actual survey. H
Page 107 and 108:
IMPLEMENTATION OF A NATIONAL MARSHB
Page 109 and 110:
Table 1. Numbers of individuals of
Page 111 and 112:
was required because it was not rea
Page 113 and 114:
ESTIMATING POPULATION TRENDS, RELAT
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This abstract represents a final ab
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Virginia Rail (Rallus limicola), So
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volunteers to cover new sites in la
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Plain of Louisiana (Figure 1). We s
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for concentrations of wintering sni
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Table 1. Model selection results an
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DEVELOPING OPTIMAL SURVEY TECHNIQUE
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Conway, C. J., and J. P. Gibbs. 201
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Figure 1. Red Slough Wildlife Manag
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estimate visual obstruction 10 m fr
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Table 3. Habitat measurements recor
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Thesis, South Dakota State Universi
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Reproductive Success and Survival i
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The goal of the study is to address
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When interacting with private lando
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