PMD in High-Bit-Rate Transmission and Means for Its Mitigation

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354 IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, VOL. 10, NO. 2, MARCH/APRIL 2004In addition, the lively discussion of PMD definition and description,to which we have contributed a Fourier expansion ofmode coupling, is likely to continue.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe authors thank F. Abas Ismail, S. Bhandare, S. Chotchidjoum,A. Hidayat, S. Ibrahim, B. Milivojevic, and F. Wüst fortheir contributions to this paper. They gratefully acknowledgefabrication of distributed LiNbO PMDCs by H. Herrmann,R. Ricken, and W. Sohler, Applied Physics, University Paderborn,Germany. They likewise acknowledge partial funding byDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.REFERENCES[1] C. D. Poole and R. E. Wagner, “Phenomenological approach to polarizationdispersion in long single-mode fibers,” Electron. Lett., vol. 22,no. 19, pp. 1029–1030, May 1986.[2] J. P. Gordon and H. Kogelnik, “PMD fundamentals: Polarization modedispersion in optical fibers,” in Proc. Nat. 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NOÉ et al.: PMD IN HIGH-BIT-RATE TRANSMISSION 355[42] R. Noé, E. Meissner, B. Borchert, and H. Rodler, “Direct modulation 565Mb/s DPSK experiment with 62.3 dB loss span and endless polarizationcontrol,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 4, pp. 1151–1154, Oct. 1992.[43] N. G. Walker and G. R. Walker, “Polarization control for coherent opticalcommunications,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 438–458,1990.[44] F. Heismann and M. S. Whalen, “Broadband reset-free automatic polarizationcontroller,” Electron. Lett., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 377–379, Feb.1991.[45] J. Nayyer et al., “Fabrication of high-speed asymmetric Ti:LiNbOMach-Zehnder optical modulatiors with improved thermal-drift characteristics,”in Proc. IOOC’95, vol. 2, Hong Kong, June 26–30, 1995.WD1-5.[46] R. Noé, D. Sandel, S. Hinz, M. Yoshida-Dierolf, V. Mirvoda, G. Feise,H. Herrmann, R. Ricken, W. Sohler, F. Wehrmann, C. Glingener, A.Schöpflin, A. Färbert, and G. 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Gordon, “Emulation and inversionof polarization-mode dispersion,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 21, pp.482–495, Feb. 2003.[61] A. Eyal, W. K. Marshall, M. Tur, and A. Yariv, “Representation ofsecond-order polarization mode dispersion,” Electron. Lett., vol. 35,no. 19, pp. 1658–1659, 1999.[62] A. Eyal, Y. Li, W. K. Marshall, and A. Yariv, “Statistical determinationof the length dependence of high-order polarization mode dispersion,”Opt. Lett., vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 875–877, 2000.Reinhold Noé (M’93) was born in Darmstadt,Germany, in 1960. He received the Dipl.-Ing. andDr.-Ing. degrees in electrical engineering from TechnischeUniversität München (Munich), Germany, in1984 and 1987, respectively.At that time he realized the first endless polarizationcontrol systems. Then he spent a postdoctoralyear at Bellcore, Red Bank, NJ, to continue hiswork on coherent optical systems. In 1988 he joinedSiemens Research Laboratories in Munich. Since1992 he has been with the Department of OpticalCommunication and High-Frequency Engineering, University of Paderborn,Paderborn, Germany. Most of his recent experiments deal with PMD detectionand compensation, polarization-division multiplex, chromatic dispersiondetection, and DPSK transmission, all at 40 Gbit/s. He has (co)authored morethan 120 publications. He is one of the Editors of Electrical Engineering andhe is a frequent referee for Electronics Letters.Prof. Noé is a frequent referee for IEEE publications.David Sandel was born in Wangen/Allgäu, Germany, on December 26, 1966.He received the Dipl.-Ing degree from the Technische Hochschule Karlsruhe,Germany, in 1992 and the Dr.-Ing. degree from the University of Paderborn,Paderborn, Germany, in 1997.In the same year, he joined the Department of Optical Communication andHigh-Frequency Engineering, University of Paderborn, Germany. His doctoralwork on fiber Bragg gratings. His research interest now concentrates on polarization-modedispersion compensation and polarization multiplex data transmission.Vitali Mirvoda was born in Taganrog, Russia, in1974. He received the M.S. degree in electricalengineering from Taganrog State University ofRadio Engineering, Taganrog, Russia, in 1996. Heis currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in electricalengineering and information technology at theUniversity of Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany.Since 1998 he has been engaged in research andengineering of optical communication systems at theUniversity of Paderborn. He is currently a postgraduatestudent with the Department of Optical Communicationand High-Frequency Engineering. His research areas include polarization-modedispersion compensation and chromatic dispersion.Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEK PADERBORN. Downloaded on May 18,2010 at 07:51:58 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
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