Case Study: SPS Issues and Regional Trade in ... - OIE Africa

Critical in terms of compliance with the WTO SPS agreement is the full participation insubmission of national animal pest and disease status into the OIE WAHIS/WAHIDdatabases and, in fact, the general record of SADC is somewhat lackadaisical in thisregard. There have been several workshops held in SADC to ensure that membercountries report this information correctly – especially in terms of Rinderpest and FMD.Another important program is the submission of requests for Provision of VeterinaryServices (PVS) Assessments in 13 out of 15 SADC Member States. The PVSassessment, which is a confidential document, aims at good governance of veterinaryservices, gap-analyses aimed at analyzing the needs and resources to improve nationalveterinary structures of SADC Member states.4.4 Provision for adaptation to regional conditions, including pest or disease freeareas and areas of low pest or disease prevalenceThe presence of FMD north of the control areas in Namibia, Botswana and South Africaeffectively precludes trade in most animals 1 and many animal products both within andfrom the FMD region. Given the fact that most countries and regions north of this line aretrying in some way to control FMD, and the wording of the current provisions of the TAHC,this is not likely to change in the foreseeable future.4.5 Do SPS measures meet international transparency requirements?The requirement for transparency in SPS requirements is met in SADC countries throughtwo mechanisms. These are (1) the requirement for disease status submission of nationalanimal pest and disease status into the OIE WAHIS/WAHID databases on a quarterlybasis and (2) trading partner information and assessments on a bilateral basis from, forexample, the United States Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health InspectionService (USDA-APHIS) and United States Department of Agriculture – Food SafetyInspection Service (USDA-FSIS) and the EU European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).In terms of the pest and disease status of SADC countries, only parts of Namibia,Botswana, South Africa and Swaziland are recognized as being FMD disease free andthus able to export meat. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has put inplace additional requirements in terms of, for example, traceability, age of slaughteranimals, feed standards etc. in terms of BSE where EU requirements are somewhat higherthan those of the TAHC of the OIE. EFSA requirements have been disputed in the past byother countries such as the United States without success so the likelihood of SADCcountries challenging these is remote. However Namibia, Botswana and Swaziland havemanaged to comply with EFSA requirements. US requirements are somewhat moredifficult for SADC. Namibia is the only country that is currently working on market accessto the US with a series of visits from the USDA-FSIS. Issues being resolved mainly revolvearound the analysis of residue samples, particularly of growth hormones and veterinaryproducts. Since Namibia has been relying on South Africa for residue testing in the pastand since South African laboratories and test methods are not recognized by the US thisrequires Namibia to set up its own certified testing facilities.WTO transparency and notifications by SADC countries are shown in Table 12. Only fivecountries in SADC have passed the basic WTO transparency test of having set up a SPSenquiry point, a national notification authority and have sent SPS notifications to the WTO.However, only four SADC countries have submitted animal and meat product related1 Beef cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs23