Early Life Nutrition and Lifelong Health - Derbyshire Local Medical ...

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BMA Board of ScienceAppendix 3: Current UK dietaryrecommendations for pregnancyBefore pregnancyA healthy diet is important at any time but particularly when planning a pregnancy. The Eatwellplate makes healthy eating easier. 249 Try to eat:• plenty of fruit and vegetables – aim for at least five portions a day• plenty of starchy foods• some milk and dairy foods• some meat, fish, eggs and other non-dairy sources of protein• just a small amount of foods and drinks high in fat and/or sugar.A 400g folic acid supplement should be taken daily from the time contraception is stopped untilthe 12th week of pregnancy. Women who have previously had a baby with neural tube defects, orwho are taking medication for diabetes, epilepsy or coeliac disease should take a 5mg supplement.DH guidelines on the consumption of alcohol state that women trying to conceive should avoiddrinking alcohol, but if they do choose to drink, to minimise the risk to the baby, they should notdrink more than one to two units of alcohol once or twice a week and should not get drunk.During pregnancyA healthy diet is important in pregnancy. There is no need to eat for two – it’s the quality not thequantity of the diet that’s important. Try to eat a variety of foods including:• plenty of fruit and vegetables – aim for at least five portions a day• plenty of starchy foods• plenty of iron-rich foods such as red meat, pulses, bread, green vegetables, and foods rich invitamin C that will help the iron to be absorbed• milk and dairy foods – these contain calcium• foods rich in protein such as lean meat, chicken and fish (aim for at least two portions of fisheach week including one of oily fish), eggs and pulses• fibre-rich foods such as wholegrain bread and cereals.Cut down on foods and drinks high in fat and/or sugar such as cakes and biscuits.A 400g folic acid supplement should be taken daily until the 12th week of pregnancy. Womenwho have previously had a baby with neural tube defects, or who are taking medication fordiabetes, epilepsy or coeliac disease should take a 5mg supplement.A 10g vitamin D supplement should be taken throughout pregnancy.Do not take dietary supplements that contain vitamin A such as fish liver oils, and avoid liver andliver-containing products.Caffeine-containing drinks should be consumed in moderation to limit caffeine intake to less than200mg a day (equivalent to two mugs of instant coffee, two mugs of tea or five cans of cola).Avoid paté, certain cheeses and raw or partially cooked eggs, shellfish and meats, andunpasteurised milk.DH guidelines on the consumption of alcohol state that pregnant women should avoid drinking alcoholbut if they do choose to drink, to minimise the risk to the baby they should not drink more than one totwo units of alcohol once or twice a week and should not get drunk. The BMA believe that the onlysensible message for women who are pregnant must be complete abstinence from alcohol.Early life nutrition and lifelong health 69
BMA Board of Sciencewww.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_074920www.eatwell.gov.uk/agesandstages/pregnancy/?lang=enhttp://units.nhs.uk/pregnancy.htmlVegetarianism and veganismIt is possible for vegetarians and vegans (people who eat no animal products at all, including dairyproducts) to be adequately nourished for successful pregnancy and lactation, but they need to beknowledgeable about nutrition and plan their diet carefully. For vegans, there is a high risk ofdeficient intakes of micronutrients such as vitamin B12, iodine, calcium, vitamin D and omega-3fatty acids. There are reports of neurological deficits in children born to vitamin B12 deficient veganmothers. Vegan mothers should therefore take vitamin B12 supplements, as this micronutrient isfound only in foods of animal origin. The high levels of vitamin B12 found in some algae andseaweeds (eg spirulina) are not bio-active. For the other micronutrients listed above, supplementsmust be taken, or fortified foods (eg many soya milks are fortified with calcium) or specific foodssources included in the diet (eg kelp seaweed for iodine, or flaxseed for omega-3 fatty acids).Good advice can be found on the websites of the Vegetarian Society 295 and Vegan Society. 29670Early life nutrition and lifelong health
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Page 75 and 76: BMA Board of ScienceTeaching packs
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Page 95 and 96: BMA Board of Science66. Vickers MH
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Page 101 and 102: BMA Board of Science191. Baker JL,
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