Early Life Nutrition and Lifelong Health - Derbyshire Local Medical ...

BMA Board of ScienceIschaemic heart disease – heart disease resulting from an inadequate flow of blood to the heart,caused by narrowing or blockage of the blood vessels supplying itLymphoblastic leukaemia – a type of leukaemia characterised by abnormal cells with a large nucleusand little cytoplasm present in the blood and blood forming organsMastitis – inflammation of the breast, usually caused by bacterial infection via damaged nipplesMeiosis – a type of cell division, consisting of two successive separations, resulting in four daughtercells, each with half the original number of chromosomes of the original cell; the process used ingamete (sperm and ova) formationMeiotic – pertaining to meiosisMitosis – a type of cell division resulting in two daughter cells, genetically identical to the original cell;the process used in growthMitotic – pertaining to mitosisNeuroblastoma – a malignant tumour usually of childhood, composed of embryonic nerve cells.It may originate in any part of the sympathetic nervous systemNon-genomic inheritance – any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate inaccordance with genomic factorsNormoglycaemic – a condition of the blood in which the blood sugar level is within normal limitsObesity – refer to Appendix 2Obesogenic – factors tending to cause or produce obesity in an individualOsteoporosis – the loss of bone tissue, resulting in bones which are brittle and liable to fractureOtitis media – inflammation of the middle ear associated with perforations of the eardrumOverweight – refer to Appendix 2Palaeolithic – pertaining to a prehistoric era distinguished by the development of the first stone tools,extending from approximately 2.5 million to around 10,000 years agoPerinatal care – care relating to the period starting a few weeks before birth, including birth and afew weeks after birthPhenotype – the observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction betweentheir genes and the environmentPlasminogen activator inhibitor – an inhibitor of enzymes that convert inactive plasminogen intothe active enzyme plasmin, which digests blood clotsPolymorphism – a condition in which a chromosome or a genetic character occurs in more than oneform, resulting in the coexistence of more than one morphological type within a populationPro-inflammatory cytokines – proteins produced predominantly by activated immune cells, involvedin the amplification of inflammatory reactionsRickets – a disease in which bones do not harden due to a deficiency of vitamin DStatin – any one of a class of pharmaceuticals that inhibit the action of an enzyme(hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) involved in the production of cholesterol within the liverStroke – a sudden attack of weakness affecting one side of the body or other loss of neural functionlasting at least 24 hours. It is the consequence of an interruption to the flow of blood to the brainSystolic blood pressure – the pressure of the blood against the walls of the main arteries when theventricles are contractingTeratogenic – the effect of a substance, agent or process that induces the formation ofdevelopmental abnormalities in a fetusType 1 diabetes – an autoimmune disease that results in the permanent destruction of insulinproducing beta cells of the pancreasType 2 diabetes – a metabolic disorder, primarily characterised by insulin resistance, relative insulindeficiency and hyperglycaemiaUndernutrition – inadequate nutrition from any causevon Willebrand factor – a glycoprotein necessary for platelet function, abnormalities of which canresult in an inherited disorder of the blood which is characterised by episodes of spontaneous bleedingsimilar to haemophiliaviiiEarly life nutrition and lifelong health