MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN LEBANON

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List of FiguresFigure 1: Distribution of MSEs According to Size and Sector of Activity--------------------------------------------- 16Figure 2: Distribution of MSEs According to Sector of Activity and Date of Establishment----------------------- 17Figure 3: Distribution of MSEs According to Gender and Date of Establishment------------------------------------ 18Figure 4: Distribution of MSEs According to Location and Year of Establishment---------------------------------- 18Figure 5: Distribution of MSEs According to Size and Location-------------------------------------------------------- 19Figure 6: Travel Duration ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20Figure 7: Infrastructure Availability and Quality -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21Figure 8: Registration of MSEs in Tax, Commercial and NSSF -------------------------------------------------------- 25Figure 9: Distribution of MSEs by Source of Initial Capital ------------------------------------------------------------- 26Figure 10: Age (at first work) Distribution of Entrepreneurs According to Age and Gender ----------------------- 33Figure 11: Distribution of Entrepreneurs According to Gender and Education --------------------------------------- 34Figure 12: Future Expectations Index and Gender------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41Figure 13: Future Expectations Index and Size ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41List of TablesTable 1: MSEs Distribution per Mohafazat---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9Table 2: Cluster Sample per Mohafazat ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10Table 3: MSE Distribution per Mohafazat and Gender (preliminary field survey) ----------------------------------- 10Table 4: Male Entrepreneurs–MSE Distribution per Mohafazat and Size (preliminary survey)-------------------- 10Table 5: Female Entrepreneurs–MSE Distribution per Mohafazat and Size (preliminary survey) ----------------- 10Table 6: MSE Distribution per Gender and Size in each Mohafazat (preliminary field survey)-------------------- 11Table 7: Size Distribution of MSEs per Mohafazat (comparison between CAS and CRI results) ----------------- 11Table 8: MSE Distribution per Gender, Size, and Mohafazat------------------------------------------------------------ 12Table 9: Sampling Ratios per Gender, Size, and Mohafazat ------------------------------------------------------------- 12Table 10: Target Sample Distribution per Gender, Size, and Mohafazat----------------------------------------------- 12Table 11: Effective Sample Distribution per Gender, Size, and Mohafazat------------------------------------------- 13Table 12: Final Sample Distribution before Correction (completed questionnaires) --------------------------------- 13Table 13 Final Distribution of the Corrected Sample Distribution------------------------------------------------------ 14Table 14: Distribution of Employees According to the Size of Enterprise and Sector of Activity ----------------- 15Table 15: Distribution of Enterprises According to the Size of Enterprise and Location---------------------------- 15Table 16: Problem Evaluation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22Table 17: Commercial Registration of MSEs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23Table 18: NSSF Registration and Sector of Activity ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 24Table 19: Value-added per Worker and Size of Enterprise--------------------------------------------------------------- 28Table 20: MSEs and Clusters ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29Table 21: Value-added per MSE and Worker, and Use of Latest Technology ---------------------------------------- 30Table 22: Value-added and Existence of Specific Departments within Enterprise ----------------------------------- 30Table 23: Value-added per MSE, Present Value and Sector of Activity ----------------------------------------------- 31Table 24: Value-added per Enterprise Comparison (current and previous year of survey)-------------------------- 32Table 25: Value-added per Worker Comparison (current vs. last year) ------------------------------------------------ 33Table 26: Age (current) Distribution of Entrepreneurs According to Size of Enterprise ---------------------------- 34Table 27: Age (at first work) Distribution of Entrepreneurs According to Age and Size of Enterprise ----------- 34Table 28: Age (at first work) Distribution of Entrepreneurs According to Gender and Marital Status ------------ 34Table 29: Distribution of Entrepreneurs According to Sector of Activity and Education --------------------------- 35Table 30: Distribution of Entrepreneurs According to Size and Education -------------------------------------------- 35Table 31: Problems Facing Women Entrepreneurs------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36Table 32: Employment Generation According to Enterprise Size------------------------------------------------------- 37Table 33: Distribution of MSEs According to Workforce Generated per Sector of Activities---------------------- 37Table 34: Mixed Income and Sector of Activity --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38Table 35: Household Monthly Income Distribution and Size of Enterprise ------------------------------------------- 39Table 36: Household Monthly Income Distribution and Location ------------------------------------------------------ 39Table 37: Future Expectations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 40Table 38: Classification by Monthly Sales per Worker ------------------------------------------------------------------- 42Table 39: Classification According to Monthly Value-Added per Worker -------------------------------------------- 42Table 40: Monthly Value-added per Worker and Monthly Sales per Worker ----------------------------------------- 42Table 41: Performance Classification---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42Table 42: Performance Indicator and Size of MSEs----------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
AcknowledgementThis is the first report of a series of four, reporting on the results of the project on “PromotingCompetitiveness in Micro and Small Enterprises” carried out by ERF.The report is based on the extensive research undertaken by the team from the Consultation andResearch Institute, Lebanon under the supervision of Dr. Kamal Hamdan. ERF is grateful to Dr.Hamdan and his team for the great efforts and the time they devoted to accomplish this project. Dr.Hamdan’s leadership of the work on the field survey, data collection and analysis and preparation ofthe country report, policy brief and data files is greatly acknowledged. The outcome of this projectwill make a significant contribution to the knowledge of the micro and small enterprises in Lebanon.ERF is grateful to Dr. Heba Handoussa who launched this project, to Dr. Nader Fergany who directedthe overall project, and to the project’s Advisory Committee: Dr. Jacques Charmes, ORSTOM,France; Dr. Donald Mead, Michigan University, USA; Dr. Ferhad Mehran, International LaborOffice, Switzerland; Dr. Saad Nagi, Ohio State University; and Dr. Hernando de Soto, Institute forLiberty and Democracy, Peru.Special thanks are due to Dr. Charmes, Dr. Mead and Dr. Mehran for their continued support andadvice to the projects’ team. Without their help, the project would not have been accomplished.The report has undergone several phases of review, and was the subject of discussions from policymakers, academics and specialists. Special thanks are due to Dr. Samir Makdisi, American Universityin Beirut, Lebanon; Dr. Toufic Gaspar, Independent Consultant, Lebanon and Dr. Haysam Omar,Economic & Social Fund for Development, Lebanon for their inputs and comments on the report.ERF is grateful to Dr. Atif Kubursi, Econometric Research Limited, Canada for kindly accepting to bethe Peer Reviewer of the report and for providing very useful and constructive comments.ERF greatly acknowledges the generous financial support by the MSE project donors. The Countrystudy of Lebanon has benefited from the financial contributions of The Arab Fund for Economic andSocial Development; The European Commission (through the FEMISE project); and the InternationalDevelopment Research Center, Canada.ERF is grateful to Dr. Samir Radwan, ERF Managing Director, for his continued and systematicsupport and advice for the whole duration of the project. Without his persistence this project wouldnot have been accomplished. ERF also acknowledges the efforts done by its former staff memberAzza El-Shinnawy for coordinating the project in its initial phase and by Maryse Louis forcoordinating the project in its final phase.The report has benefited from the contributions of many institutions and individuals from within andoutside Lebanon. Also appreciated is the work of editing, design and printing of the report.
Page 1 and 2: ERF RESEARCH REPORTProject on “Pr
Page 3: III.17.3 Clusters------------------
Page 7 and 8: By presenting this unique, serious
Page 9 and 10: The overall environment in Lebanon
Page 11 and 12: 3.6 Major ConstraintsThe most promi
Page 13 and 14: The distribution of entrepreneurs a
Page 15 and 16: project includes a field survey, th
Page 17 and 18: the same probability to be selected
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Page 23 and 24: person enterprises is an evidence o
Page 25 and 26: Figure 3: Distribution of MSEs Acco
Page 27 and 28: Most of the surveyed MSEs operate i
Page 29 and 30: The survey also showed that larger
Page 31 and 32: The percentage of MSEs that are not
Page 33 and 34: Finally, it appears through the rel
Page 35 and 36: practiced. Nevertheless, value adde
Page 37 and 38: III.12.6 Value-added and technology
Page 39 and 40: of age compared to 19% of male entr
Page 41 and 42: Table 26: Age (current) Distributio
Page 43 and 44: The entrepreneurs opted to change o
Page 45 and 46: Table 34: Mixed Income and Sector o
Page 47 and 48: • Acquisition of modern technolog
Page 49 and 50: frequency distribution do not show
Page 51 and 52: do not belong to a cluster achieve
Page 53 and 54: III.17.11 Working Hours per WeekPro
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• Effective quality assurance mec
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MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES IN LEBANON

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