FINAL REPORT - Save the Children Italia Onlus

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IIIPARTFINAL REPORTDevelopment of a Child Rights Methodology to Identify and Support Child Victims of TraffickingMETHODOLOGICALFRAMEWORK No. 2Indicatorsof Trafficking /ExploitationTwo different sets of indicators of child trafficking have beenincluded in this methodology:• indicators applicable in countries of destination, includinginternal trafficking (except for those indicators relevant to theborder)• indicators to be detected at the border, specific to countries oforiginThe development of the two sets of specific indicators have beeninformed by findings from the research activities conducted inthis project. However, they are to be used flexibly and adapted tolocal conditions with relevant deletion and/or further inclusion ofindicators. The indicators are organised under 5 main headings:1. indicators to be detected at the border2. indicators of control exercised by exploiters3. indicators of a child’s isolation due to the presence of exploiters4. indicators of violence, abuse, neglect5. indicators to be detected in the penal circuitThe AGIS methodology suggests different colours be used for theheadings above, that is to say: heading 1 being indicators to beused at the border, headings 2-4 being indicators to be detectedon the street or other places of exploitation, and heading 5 beingindicators to be detected in places where children are held, such asthe penal circuit. The use of different colours should help thereader in the use of the indicators.For example, for “Indicators to be detected at the border”, bluecould be used, for “Indicators of control exercised by exploiters,indicators of a child’s isolation due to the presence of exploitersand indicators of violence, abuse and neglect”, green could beused and for “Indicators to be detected in the penal circuit”purple could be used.FINAL REPORTDevelopment of a Child Rights Methodology to Identify and Support Child Victims of Trafficking1. INDICATORS TO BE DETECTED AT THE BORDER1. ENTRY WITH AN ADULT WHO DECLARESNO FAMILY CONNECTION TO THE CHILD2. ENTRY WITH AN ADULT WHO CLAIMS TOBE A RELATIVE OF THE CHILD BUT DOESNOT POSSESS VALID DOCUMENTATIONTO PROVE THE PARENTAL RELATION3. ENTRY AS AN UNACCOMPANIED MINORINDICATORS OF CHILD TRAFFICKING /EXPLOITATION IN COUNTRIES OFDESTINATION AND CASES OF INTERNALTRAFFICKINGSpecify how the indicators apply to the specific national or local context. It is recommended to include those provided in the second column.2. INDICATORS OF CONTROL EXERCISED BY EXPLOITERSParticular attention should be paid to:1. false documents2. an adult accompanying more than one child3. an adult who often accompanies one or more children across the borderand is familiar with the applicable procedures4. a child who provides little and contradictory information about the adult’sidentity, their destination and the reason for their trip5. an adult who keeps a child or adolescent’s documents6. an adult who prevents the child from talking to officersThe family connection should be verified if:1. false documents are provided2. the adult and the child speak different languages3. the child and the adult show little trust and mutual affection4. the child and the adult know very little about each other or providecontradictory information regarding each other’s identity and personaldetailsParticularly if the child has:1. false documents2. little knowledge about, or provides contradictory information regardingtheir precise destination, the reason for their trip (and where they have avisa, its purpose and duration), as well as the cost of the trip3. no luggage nor sufficient funds to cover minimum expenses in the shorttermIIIPART1. MOVEMENT TO OTHER CITIESAND/OR COUNTRIES2. PRESENCE OF AN ADULT WHO KEEPSWATCH OVER A CHILD ON THE STREET3. INTERVENTION BY AN ADULT WITH NOFAMILY CONNECTION TO THE CHILD4. LACK OF TIME5. DEEP CONCERN EXPRESSED REGARDINGTHE POSSIBLE LACK OF EARNINGS6. A THIRD PERSON HAS POSSESSION OFTHE CHILD’S ID DOCUMENTS7. HIGH LEVELS OF DEBT8. ACTIVITY CONDUCTED IS PARTICULARLYTIRING✓ Indicate whether the child has been to other cities and/or countries(specify) in the space of a few months, often without knowing theirgeographical location nor how to get there (route, cost of travel etc.)✓ Specify whether an adult controls the child while exploited✓ Indicate possible methods used by an adult to keep the child fromescaping from exploitationExample: intervention of an adult to prevent contact with social workers.✓ Indicate whether the child cannot stay long with social workers/assistants, nor make or keep arrangements (to be accompanied tomedical appointments, for example)✓ Indicate whether the child is concerned that he/she will be punished forlack of earnings✓ Indicate whether the child lacks immediate access to the ID documentbecause others have it in their keeping✓ Identify a specific indicatorExample: if the child (or their family) has contracted a large debt fortheir travel, they may be forced or induced into prostitution or intoundertaking illegal activities in order to repay the agreed sum.✓ Identify a specific indicatorExample: the child is forced to work for many hours a day and indifficult climatic situations.5657
IIIPARTFINAL REPORTDevelopment of a Child Rights Methodology to Identify and Support Child Victims of Trafficking3. INDICATORS OF A CHILD’S ISOLATION DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF EXPLOITERSSpecify in the second column how the indicators apply to the specific national or local context. Examples are provided.1. LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ON HOWTO RUN DAILY LIFE ON THEIR OWNExample: where an adolescent does not know where to buy food andclothing etc., this would tend to indicate the presence of an organisation orindividual who takes care of those needs.FINAL REPORTDevelopment of a Child Rights Methodology to Identify and Support Child Victims of TraffickingINDICATORS OF CHILD TRAFFICKING /EXPLOITATION IN COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN1. INDICATORS TO BE DETECTED AT THE BORDER AS CHILD EXITS THE COUNTRYSpecify how the indicators apply to the specific national or local context. It is recommended to include those provided in the second column.IIIPART2. VERY POOR KNOWLEDGEOF LOCAL LANGUAGE3. LACK OF A NETWORK OF FRIENDSWHO ARE NOT FAMILY; VERY LIMITEDSOCIAL LIFE4. SOCIAL ISOLATION ANDMARGINALISATIONExample: the child has been in the area for several months and do not yetunderstand and use the language well.Example: the fact that the child has no friends outside of the group withwhich they “work” could be an indicator of severe isolation due to thepresence of an exploiter.Example: the child is marginalised and live in difficult conditions(accommodation, personal hygiene).1. DEPARTURE WITH AN ADULTWHO DECLARES NO FAMILYCONNECTION TO THE CHILDParticular attention should be paid to:1. false documents2. an adult accompanying more than one child3. an adult who often accompanies one or more children across the borderand is familiar with the applicable procedures4. a child who provides little and contradictory information about the adult’sidentity, their destination and the reason for their trip5. an adult who keeps a child or adolescent’s documents6. an adult who prevents the child from talking to officers4. INDICATORS OF VIOLENCE, ABUSE, NEGLECTSpecify how the indicators apply to the specific national or local context.1. PHYSICAL SIGNS OF VIOLENCE2. BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS✓ Identify a specific indicatorExample: marks on the body such as bruises or cigarette burns, or evenfractures.It is recommended to include the indicators below:1. habitual substance abuse, especially heavier drugs (particularly cocaine,which lowers the threshold of one’s perception of danger)2. tendency to interact with others as though constantly needing to outdothem and show them who is boss3. changeable behaviour - the child presents a different attitude towardsthe different people they interact with4. determined refusal to engage in dialogue (mutism, keeping theirdistance, etc.)5. extremely defiant and hostile behaviour, both in the child’s spoken andbody language, similar to that found in an adult criminal environment2. DEPARTURE WITH AN ADULTWHO CLAIMS TO BE A RELATIVE OFTHE CHILD BUT DOES NOT POSSESSVALID DOCUMENTATION TO PROVETHE PARENTAL RELATIONThe family connection should be verified if:1. false documents are provided2. the adult and the child speak different languages3. the child and the adult show little trust and mutual affection4. the child and the adult know very little about each other or providecontradictory information regarding each other’s identity and personaldetails2. INDICATORS TO BE DETECTED AT THE BORDER AS CHILD ENTERS THE COUNTRY1. ENTRY AS AN UNACCOMPANIED MINOR ✓ Identify a specific indicatorExample: the child left the country accompanied by an adult and returnsunaccompanied.3. INDICATORS OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSEIt is recommended to include the indicators below:1. even the smallest sign of marks on the body such as cuts, wounds,bruises or scratches, near sensitive parts of body such as the mouth,buttocks and breasts; sexually transmitted diseases and early pregnancy;dilation of the anus; anal and genital inflammation2. behavioural aspects: actions which show a great deal of sexualknowledge, for example: sexually explicit drawings which areinappropriate for the child’s age; sexualised attitude towards otherpeople, animals or toys (i.e. imitating adult behaviour); concernsregarding sexual topics; disturbed sleep; self-harm; spontaneouslyrecounting stories of a sexual nature; refusal to attend medialappointments or to undress (or, on the contrary, excessive readiness todo so)4. STATE OF NEGLECT✓ Identify a specific indicatorExample: little care for personal hygiene (demonstrated by the presenceof parasites, skin diseases etc.), malnutrition.5. INDICATORS TO BE DETECTED IN THE PENAL CIRCUITSpecify in the second column how the indicators apply to the specific national or local context. Examples are provided.1. CHARGES FOR ILLEGAL ACTIVITIESCOMMITTED2. CRIMINAL ACTS WHICH IMPLY THEPRESENCE OF AN ORGANISATION3. CHILD’ S REACTION TO INTERVENTIONBY AUTHORITIESExample: child victims could be charged for offences they were forced to commitby their exploiters.Example: drug dealing, especially heavy drugs.Example: short response time when answering questions, as though reading froma script which his/her exploiter has made the child learn from memory.5859
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