Physics Study Guides.pdf - James M. Hill Memorial High School

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<strong>Physics</strong>Geometric Optics cont.Ray Diagrams (cont.)In a ray diagram, the solid lines indicate the actual path of light rays. Real images form where the rays converge. Onthe other hand, dotted lines indicate the path of virtual rays. They form virtual images when they converge.• Real images can be projected onto a surface. You can see this by putting a white piece of paper on one side of amagnifying glass and then pointing it at a bright window. Move the paper back and forth relative to the magnifyingglass until you see the window on the paper.• Although the actual path of the light rays never intersect, when the diverging light rays hit your eyes, your brainwill work backwards and construct an image at the point where the rays seem to intersect. Virtual images cannotbe projected onto a surface. Flat mirrors always create virtual images.There are three main characteristics of the image produced by the arrangements below that we need to keep track of:• type of image: real vs. virtual• inverted vs. upright• magnification: magnified vs. reducedConcave MirrorsConcave mirrors are shaped like a parabola and curve towards the object. One key factor of a concave mirror is thatlight rays coming in parallel (from an infinite distance) will all come together at the focus. There are a few differentarrangements that are associated with concave mirrors. Each one produces a different sort of image.Object Between Focus and MirrorResulting image: virtual, upright,magnifiedObject at 2FResulting image: real, inverted, same sizeObject at FocusRays reflect parallely so an image never formsObject Beyond 2FResulting image: real, inverted, reducedObject Between Focus and 2FResulting image: real, inverted, magnifiedImage Credit: All mirror images by Cronholm144, CC-BY-SA 2.5Page 2 of 3
Geometric Optics cont.Convex MirrorConvex mirrors are mirrors that curve away from theobject. Convex mirrors always produce the same kindof image.Concave LensAlso called a diverging lens because the light rays willdiverge after passing through the lens. Diverging lensesalways form a virtual, upright, diminished image.<strong>Physics</strong>Image Credit: Cronholm144, CC-BY-SA 2.5Resulting image: virtual, upright, reducedImage Credit: DrBob, GNU-FDL 1.2Convex LensAlso called converging lens because light rays will come together at the focus. There are a couple different configurationsthat are important.Object Between Focus and LensResulting image: real, inverted, reducedObject Beyond FocusResulting image: virtual, upright, magnifiedImage Credit: DrBob, GNU-FDL 1.2Image Credit: DrBob, GNU-FDL 1.2Important EquationsNote: The Lensmaker’s equation shown here is actually an approximation that assumes the lens is thin and is in air.Snell’s law:n - index of refractionθ - angle from normalLensmaker’s equation:f - focus/focal lengthR - radius of lens curvatureS o - distance to objectS i - distance to imageNotesPage 3 of 3
Page 1: James M. HillPhysics 112/122 Study
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Physics Study Guides.pdf - James M. Hill Memorial High School

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