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Radio Waves in PlasmasPlane Wave Electric FieldE z=RE oe i t−kz Index of Refraction●●●Cool plasmaNo Collisionsn= ck No Magnetic Field=−i 2 =1− X =1− f 2Nf =1− N = e22f 2 4 2 o m 80.5Propagation near the speed of light whenf N ≪ f ;≈1Propagation slows dramatically when f N f ; 0Specular (total) reflection occurs whenf N = f ;=0After Davies, 1965
Propagation with a Magnetic FieldA magneto-plasma is birefringentThe index of refraction depends on the polarization of the radio waveA magneto-plasma is anisotropticThe index of refraction depends on the direction of propagationIndex of refraction: 2 2X 1− X =1−21− X −Y 2 T ±Y 4 T 41− X 2 2Y LWith respect to the direction of propagation:The + and – refer to the Ordinary andExtraordinary polarized radio wavesReflection occurs whenf N = fX =1−YX =1Y(Ordinary wave)Y L =Longitudinal component of YY T =Transverse component of Y(eXtraordinary waves)O&X are circularly polarized over most the EarthLinearly polarized at the magnetic equatorY = BemY = f Hfef H =∣B∣2 mAfter Davies, 1965
Page 1 and 2: High Frequency RadarsandIonospheric
Page 3 and 4: Earth's Ionosphere●●●●●Pl
Page 8 and 9: Appleton EquationA magneto-plasma i
Page 10 and 11: Virtual Height and Density Profiles
Page 12 and 13: Propagation through a LayerhmEfoE
Page 14 and 15: What is an Ionosonde and what does
Page 16 and 17: Courtesy IPSClassic Ionogram
Page 18 and 19: Digisonde 256 DataIonogram data wit
Page 20 and 21: Dynasonde21Dynasonde Ionogram Analy
Page 22 and 23: ●●Plasma Physics with Ionosonde
Page 24 and 25: Analysis Background●●High SNR v
Page 26 and 27: Circular Polarization
Page 28 and 29: Polarization Example
Page 30 and 31: ●Radar TimingT 0is the start of a
Page 32 and 33: ●●●Precision RangeUse the hig
Page 34 and 35: Doppler Shift●●●Doppler shift
Page 36 and 37: Interferometry k 1 2DResearch Oppor
Page 38 and 39: End of Section 1Questions?
Page 40 and 41: Ionosonde History● The first rada
Page 42 and 43: Courtesy Manila Ionosphere Observat
Page 44 and 45: Manual Scaling SheetsA month (Jan 1
Page 46 and 47: NOAA Dynasonde DataCourtesy of Brit
Page 48 and 49: Expert System forIonogram Reduction
Page 50 and 51: Autoscala●●●●●Italian aut
Page 52 and 53: ARTISTDirectogramVelocitiesSkymapIo
Page 54 and 55: VIPIR Radar FeaturesVery high inter
Page 56 and 57:
Wallops Island VIPIR hardwarePower
Page 58 and 59:
What makes a World Class Ionosonde?
Page 60 and 61:
Transmit Antenna Performance
Page 62 and 63:
Receive Antennas4m dipoles , 5m hig
Page 64 and 65:
Radar Engineering
Page 66 and 67:
Fresnel ZoneD, AThe area over which
Page 68 and 69:
Atmospheric Noise Factor at HF●No
Page 70 and 71:
SignalS= P t G t 1 2 G r16 R 2 L p
Page 72 and 73:
SNR Example (1 MHz)●●●Antenna
Page 74 and 75:
End of Section 2Questions?
Page 76 and 77:
SPGR●●●●●●The virtual h
Page 78 and 79:
Ramps, Repeats and Ionograms●●
Page 80 and 81:
TimeTimeTimeShuffle ModeInterleave
Page 82 and 83:
Shuffle Mode Fixed Frequency
Page 84 and 85:
Space Shuttle Modified IonosphereMo
Page 86 and 87:
VIPIR Operation●●●Operating t
Page 88 and 89:
Sounding Configuration Table●●B
Page 90 and 91:
SCT Timing! Timing of the measureme
Page 92 and 93:
SCT Receiver and Exciter! Receiver
Page 94 and 95:
Floating Point Output● Digital Do
Page 96 and 97:
Large Signal TestsInternal noise is
Page 98 and 99:
Preamp Calibration
Page 100 and 101:
San Juan upgrade and calibrationApr
Page 102 and 103:
Wallops Rx Cables: After
Page 104 and 105:
●●DC bias in Calibration Circui
Page 106 and 107:
Free VIPIR Software●riq-ionogram
Page 108 and 109:
Science and Engineering Needs●●
Page 110:
Credits●●●●●●●●●
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