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Ramps, Repeats and Ionograms●●●●A Ramp is a group of pulsets taken at asequence of nominal frequenciesRepeats are the number of times each Rampis repeated before going on to the next rampAn Ionogram is a continuous set of Ramps andRepeats which cover the entire specified set ofNominal FrequenciesThis concept is used to control the statistics ofthe observation sequence within thecoherency limitations of the ionosphere
Dynasonde Principles●Phase differences among several (4-8) pulsedsignals of a carefully designed pulse set, receivedthrough several (4-8) antenna/receiver channels,define, by a least squares solution, a radio “echo”with physical parameters:●●●●●“Doppler” or phase-path velocity V*, m/s“Stationary-Phase Group Range” R´, kmEastward XL and northward YL echolocations, kmPolarization rotation or “chirality” PP, degreesThe pulse set mean phase φ 0, degrees●●●A least-squares residual EP, degreesAn echo peak amplitude A, decibels, from signal magnitudePossible 2 nd order parameters with 8 antennas and receivers
Page 1 and 2:
High Frequency RadarsandIonospheric
Page 3 and 4:
Earth's Ionosphere●●●●●Pl
Page 6 and 7:
Radio Waves in PlasmasPlane Wave El
Page 8 and 9:
Appleton EquationA magneto-plasma i
Page 10 and 11:
Virtual Height and Density Profiles
Page 12 and 13:
Propagation through a LayerhmEfoE
Page 14 and 15:
What is an Ionosonde and what does
Page 16 and 17:
Courtesy IPSClassic Ionogram
Page 18 and 19:
Digisonde 256 DataIonogram data wit
Page 20 and 21:
Dynasonde21Dynasonde Ionogram Analy
Page 22 and 23:
●●Plasma Physics with Ionosonde
Page 24 and 25:
Analysis Background●●High SNR v
Page 26 and 27:
Circular Polarization
Page 28 and 29: Polarization Example
Page 30 and 31: ●Radar TimingT 0is the start of a
Page 32 and 33: ●●●Precision RangeUse the hig
Page 34 and 35: Doppler Shift●●●Doppler shift
Page 36 and 37: Interferometry k 1 2DResearch Oppor
Page 38 and 39: End of Section 1Questions?
Page 40 and 41: Ionosonde History● The first rada
Page 42 and 43: Courtesy Manila Ionosphere Observat
Page 44 and 45: Manual Scaling SheetsA month (Jan 1
Page 46 and 47: NOAA Dynasonde DataCourtesy of Brit
Page 48 and 49: Expert System forIonogram Reduction
Page 50 and 51: Autoscala●●●●●Italian aut
Page 52 and 53: ARTISTDirectogramVelocitiesSkymapIo
Page 54 and 55: VIPIR Radar FeaturesVery high inter
Page 56 and 57: Wallops Island VIPIR hardwarePower
Page 58 and 59: What makes a World Class Ionosonde?
Page 60 and 61: Transmit Antenna Performance
Page 62 and 63: Receive Antennas4m dipoles , 5m hig
Page 64 and 65: Radar Engineering
Page 66 and 67: Fresnel ZoneD, AThe area over which
Page 68 and 69: Atmospheric Noise Factor at HF●No
Page 70 and 71: SignalS= P t G t 1 2 G r16 R 2 L p
Page 72 and 73: SNR Example (1 MHz)●●●Antenna
Page 74 and 75: End of Section 2Questions?
Page 76 and 77: SPGR●●●●●●The virtual h
Page 80 and 81: TimeTimeTimeShuffle ModeInterleave
Page 82 and 83: Shuffle Mode Fixed Frequency
Page 84 and 85: Space Shuttle Modified IonosphereMo
Page 86 and 87: VIPIR Operation●●●Operating t
Page 88 and 89: Sounding Configuration Table●●B
Page 90 and 91: SCT Timing! Timing of the measureme
Page 92 and 93: SCT Receiver and Exciter! Receiver
Page 94 and 95: Floating Point Output● Digital Do
Page 96 and 97: Large Signal TestsInternal noise is
Page 98 and 99: Preamp Calibration
Page 100 and 101: San Juan upgrade and calibrationApr
Page 102 and 103: Wallops Rx Cables: After
Page 104 and 105: ●●DC bias in Calibration Circui
Page 106 and 107: Free VIPIR Software●riq-ionogram
Page 108 and 109: Science and Engineering Needs●●
Page 110: Credits●●●●●●●●●
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