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22Journalists on the Frontline of Human Rights DefenceIn August 2006, a car travelled by the leaders of the National Union of Somali Journalists wasambushed on the road to Mogadishu from Baidoa. The driver of the car Madag Garas was killedwhile the vice president of NUSOJ supreme council Fahad Mohammed Abukar was injured onhis right hand.Since the war between the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) and the Alliance of Restoration of Peaceand Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) started in Mogadishu in February, journalists came undergrowing pressure to operate self-censorship. Media outlets, particularly the electronic media,were deeply divided in reporting the war and the news from the warring sides. The radio directorstightened their control on news put out by their stations because some of them were supportingthe warring sides in different ways.Media legislationsThe Transitional Federal Government of Somalia (TFG) recently announced that it is in theprocess of drafting a media law. NUSOJ approached the Ministry of Information to get generallyaccepted media law by all stakeholders. The Government accepted to open dialogue with otherstakeholders such as the media community, human rights activists and lawyers. TFG recognizesthe National Union of Somali Journalists, and registered it as an independent trade unionorganization for journalists.In October, the Islamic Courts Council proposed 13 rules to standardize the media. The mediacommunity in Mogadishu asked to be given time to discuss it, and to get back to them, and theconsultations are currently ongoing.Somaliland, which declared itself an independent republic from Somalia, has a media legislationwhich allows for media freedom and the establishment and existence of journalists’ associations.But the Somaliland opposition parties accuse the ruling party of not allowing establishment ofindependent radio stations.Testimony of Omar Faruk OsmanSecretary General, National Union of Somali Journalists (NUSOJ)In 2002, as a press freedom advocate, I came under threat from security police staff of the formerTransitional National Government after the Government officials saw my energetic role in thejournalists’ community to protest robustly and change speedily a draconian media law that theMinistry of Information had proposed to the Transitional Parliament for endorsement.Colleagues informed me that I was being sought by the police on the orders of senior officialswithin the Transition Government either to kill me if I tried to escape or arrest me. I was alsosought at the office of the former Somali Journalists Network where I was the Secretary General. Iwent into hiding for 91 hours, but thanks to the International Federation of Journalists that broughtme to Nairobi.But being out of my mother country did not discourage me to continue my dedication of defendingthe human rights of journalists. I was a target to a number of threats anonymously and openly, butas a committed person and a believer in the Almightily Allah, I did not diverge from my route and Inever thought to move away. For instance, the last unidentified death threat stated that I would bekilled within 48 hours.
Conference Report: Resources and Proceedings 23As the situation in Somalia is terrible for journalists and press freedom activists, I encountered inthis year a deadly act of banditry, which cost the life of our dearly loved driver, when three armedmen opened fire on our vehicle as we were travelling from the province of Baidoa to the CapitalCity. The Vice President of the Supreme Council of the National Union of Somali Journalists, Mr.Fahad Mohammed Abukar was wounded on the right hand in this tragic event.We were in a situation of shock after this catastrophic incident. Our clothes were covered in ourdriver’s blood. After instant security enforcement from Baidoa and Burhakaba districts, we buriedour driver immediately after Friday prayers in Burhakaba. We got a new driver from Mogadishu,and continued our journey. However, the killer is enjoying a complete impunity.SomalilandHussein Ali Nuur (Chief Editor, Republican newspaper;Jamhuuriya Media House)The first independent and privately owned newspapers in Somalilandemerged in 1992, only 8 months after the country declared itsindependence on May 18, 1991 in Burao. 9Two years later private newspapers also appeared in Burao. They wereestablished by professional journalists as well as people who wanted toearn their living from the sale of these papers. Both groups had two factors© EHAHRDPin common. They had no capital to invest and their target was to pave theway and make a firm foundation for free media and freedom of expression, which the people ofSomaliland had been deprived of for more than 3 decades.Harassment and abuse of journalists began soon after the first papers appeared, not by theGovernment, for it had no any institution to enforce the law but by gunmen – who pretended to befighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM) but were in reality, men who used their guns asa way of earning their living.Journalists worried whenever they published about armed robberies or the need to disarmmilitiamen before their deployment began in 1994. These gunmen used to visit newspaperheadquarters and threaten journalists saying; “How dare individuals who did not fight alongsidethe SNM Liberation Movement write anything that smears their names and discredit theMovement?”Two of the most serious incidents were when gunmen visited the office of “XORRIYA”(liberation) newspaper and opened fire from an automatic gun – indiscriminately. Luckily no onewas hurt.The other incident was when two young and drunk gunmen carrying a hand-grenade tried to blowus up while duplicating the following day’s paper. I and my colleagues were fortunate becauseone of the newspapers staff was a kin to one of the gunmen.9 The East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project does not take a position towards theinternational recognition of Somaliland’s independence.
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