Aristotle's Theory Unity of Science

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17 Genus, Abstraction, and CommensurabilityBut since ()(p(hUCTea~ can simply mean 'to be killed,' and since a:7To8av€lValso admits of that meaning, they may be synonyms or close synonyms,and one may be implied in the definition of the other. 3 Moreover, evenif 0"
18 Aristotle's Theory of the Unity of Sciencevirtue of the definition or the account in accordance with the subject'sname (in the language of the Categories, h6yo< KOro. rovvoJ.W.). This is anintensional condition and provides an imr0rtant restriction, since it is notidentical with the extensional condition. For as Aristotle points out (1.574al6--17), if there were no other kind of triangle besides isosceles, the2R predicate would seem to belong to isosceles qua isosceles, because alland only isosceles triangles would have interior angles equal to 2R. But, infact, it would not, since the definition of isosceles triangle includes havingtwo sides equal, and it is not in virtue of this fact that the 2R predicateholds. The distinctive differentia of isosceles triangle is irrelevant to thepredicate. That two of those sides are equal in length is not the part of thedefinition in yirtue of which 2R holds. As a result, even if 2R, triangle,and isosceles triangle were coextensive with one another, nevertheless 2Rwould not belong to isosceles qua isosceles·So far, then, the terms of demoflstrative premisses must be both perse and qua related. But as yet I have made no comment about the relationbetween the terms of a demonstrative conclusion. Whereas the terms of apremiss are related by definitional inclusion, the terms of a conclusionare not. For the conclusion is what is proved from the definitions ofthings. For example, 2R is predicated of triangle as a conclusion, but 2Ris not present in the definition of triangle (APo 1.9 76a4-7; Met. Ll..301025a30-32). In the strict sense of definitional inclusion, then, 2R cannotbe predicated per se of triangle. However, as the same 2R example makesclear, the predicate in the conclusion of a demonstration is predicatedqua the subject, and so is commensurately universal with the subject?5 On this issue I side with Lennox 1987a and McKirahan 1992 against Ferejohn 1991that the qlfa requirement has an intensional aspect. There are variations on thesepositions. Ferejohn (70-1; 149n9) claims that qlfa itself is an 'essentially extensionalrequirement: While he grants that it is not always purely extensional, he claims it isin APo IA. He cites as evidence the bronze isosceles triangle example, which shows thatcommensurate universals are the only concern. Lennox (92) claims that both per seand qua requirements are intensional. McKirahan (102) agrees, claiming that the quarequirement derives its intensionality from its connection with per se.6 Compare a similar passage at Met. Z.l1 1036a26-b3 using as an example a bronzecircle. Here the abstraction must be made between the circular fonn and the bronzematerial, rather than between two mathematical fonns.7 The examples cited by Bonitz 1961 all point in this direction. There are no cases tomy knowledge in which 2R is said to be a per se accident of isosceles triangle. Met.6. .30 1025a30-32 cites 2R predicated of triangle as an example. APo 1.7 75a42-blstrongly suggests that the per sc accidents must be within the same genus as thesubject. Most clear is Met. B.2 997a21-22: 'to investigate the per Sf accidents of onesubject-genus, starting from one set of beliefs, is the business of one science' (modified
Page 1 and 2: MALCOLM WILSONAristotle's Theoryof
Page 3 and 4: PHOENIXJournal of the Classical Ass
Page 5 and 6: @ University of Toronto Press Incor
Page 7: vi ContentsCHAPTER 3, ANALOGY AND D
Page 11 and 12: x AbbreviationsOther WorksLSj H.G.
Page 14 and 15: INTRODUCTIONAristotle is renowned f
Page 16: 5 Introductionthe one that 5,0 succ
Page 19 and 20: 8 Aristotle's Theory of the Unity o
Page 21 and 22: 10 Aristotle's Theory of the Unity
Page 25 and 26: Genus, Abstraction,and Commensurabi
Page 27: 16 Aristotle's Theory of the Unity
Page 47 and 48: 36 Aristotle's Theory of the Uniry
Page 51 and 52: 40 Aristotle's Theory of the Uniry
Page 55: 44 Aristotle's Theory of the Unity
Page 58 and 59: 47 Genus, Abstraction, and Commensu
Page 64 and 65: 2Analogy In Aristotle's BiologyProb
Page 66 and 67: 55 Analogy in Aristotle's Biologysu
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67 Analogy in Aristotle's Biologyan
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69 Analogy in Aristotle's Biology3.
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to make them analogues 171 Analogy
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96 Aristotle's Theory of the Uniry
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4The Structure of Focality'Focal me
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5Metaphysical FocalityOur study of
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244 BibliographyJaeger, W. 1957. Ar
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246 BibliographyCherniss, H. 1944.
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248 BibliographyGrene, M. 1974. ' I
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250 BibliographyBioiogie, logique e
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252 BibliographyRoss, W.D. 1914. Re
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INDEX LOCORUMCat. 1.4 73b9-10 1501
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257 Index LocorumVnA 39-41, n.3 414
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259 Index Locorum11.8 653b35 65n21,
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261 Index LocorumE.1 1025b3G-- 2.4
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263 Index LocorumVIII.1 1155b13- 16
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266 General Indexartefact 186ascidi
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268 General Indexdemarcation of gen
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270 General Indexpractical wisdom 1
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PHOENIX SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUMES1 Stud
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36 The Atomists: Leucippus and Demo
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Aristotle's Theory Unity of Science

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