Understanding and Measuring Creative Thinking in Leaders

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182 THE 71F ADVANTAGETable 8–1. Mini-markers Factor Analysis: 40 Item Factor Loadings forFive-factor Solution (N = 289)Component*1 2 3 4 5Talkative .747 .208 .176 .024 .131Extroverted .841 .138 .074 -.067 .077Bold .540 -.167 -.018 -.006 .275Energetic .452 .172 -.128 -.197 .243Shy -.797 -.059 .131 .059 -.047Quiet -.838 .015 -.003 -.042 .016Bashful -.766 -.010 .101 .135 -.062Withdrawn -.676 -.295 .178 .146 .063Sympathetic .019 .761 .055 -.072 .133Warm .272 .684 -.078 -.116 .055Kind .117 .735 -.044 -.139 .118Cooperative .030 .579 -.005 -.139 .038Cold -.185 -.691 .069 .097 .017Unsympathetic -.018 -.727 .073 .093 -.154Rude .039 -.564 .448 .140 .119Harsh .144 -.482 .470 -.021 .008Organized .108 .084 .012 -.789 -.095Efficient .126 .060 -.026 -.645 .158Systematic .051 .028 .027 -.602 .131Practical -.010 .152 -.063 -.454 .075Disorganized -.011 -.052 .021 .751 .084Sloppy -.064 -.099 .094 .656 .082Inefficient -.110 -.089 .119 .746 -.065Careless .092 -.183 .215 .502 -.127Unenvious .094 -.102 -.531 -.041 .122Relaxed .011 .200 -.441 .244 .008Moody -.138 -.144 .657 .098 .126Jealous -.094 -.096 .728 .103 -.071Temperamental .093 -.130 .713 .099 .117Envious .020 -.044 .714 .065 -.189Touchy .097 .018 .592 .134 .095
UNDERSTANDING AND MEASURING CREATIVE THINKING IN LEADERS 183Fretful -.198 .051 .621 .037 -.068Creative .248 .208 -.093 .096 .731Imaginative .228 .235 -.075 .074 .724Philosophical -.075 .073 .046 .042 .646Intellectual .099 -.080 -.041 -.300 .589Complex -.029 -.147 .138 -.025 .615Deep -.042 .065 .082 -.065 .686Uncreative -.256 -.193 .172 .002 -.679Unintellectual -.133 -.035 .129 .273 -.550*Rotated Component Matrix (Varimax Rotation with Kaiser Normalization)International Personality Item Pool. The second instrument examinedin this study is based on items drawn from the International PersonalityItem Pool (IPIP). Goldberg and colleagues (1999; Goldberg, Johnson,Eber, Hogan, Ashton, Cloninger, and Gough, 2006) constructedthe IPIP in 1996 as a free and open source, online repository of personalitymeasurement items collected from multiple public-domainsources. Their goal was to accelerate advancement in the field of personalityresearch by alleviating copyright and other restrictions relatedto commercial test publishing and, thereby, increasing the prospect forcollaborative research networks, data-sharing, and study replication.They have since referred to their project as a “collaboratory,” defined as“a computer-supported system that allows scientists to work with eachother, facilities, and data bases without regard to geographical location”(Finholt and Olson, 1997). The IPIP currently has over 2,000 items onits Web site, which is maintained by the Oregon Research Institute.Johnson’s short form IPIP-based representation of the NEO–PI–R. TheNEO–PI–R (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Personality Inventory–Revised;Costa and McCrae, 1992), a licensed commercial product,is perhaps the most widely recognized and accepted standardizedtool for measuring the five-factor domains and the facets that are hypothesizedto underlie them (see Johnson, 2000a). The NEO–PI–R itselfcontains 240 items representing 30 facets, or 6 facets for each ofthe overarching 5 factor domains: neuroticism, extraversion, openness,agreeableness, and conscientiousness (sometimes rearranged toform the acronym OCEAN). The “middle-level” personality categoriesreflected by the 30 facets of the NEO–PI–R are perhaps the most
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