Questions for the written exam in pathological anatomy
Questions for the written exam in pathological anatomy
Questions for the written exam in pathological anatomy
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<strong>Questions</strong> <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>written</strong> <strong>exam</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>pathological</strong> <strong>anatomy</strong>General PathologyParenchymatous (album<strong>in</strong>oidal) dystrophy is caused by:Fibr<strong>in</strong>oid dystrophy can be found <strong>in</strong> what disease?Erdheim cystic medial necrosis (dystrophy) is found <strong>in</strong>:What does not belong to postmortal changes?True concrements are:Steatosis resorptiva is caused by:Steatosis sag<strong>in</strong>ativa is caused by:Edema can be caused by:Calcify<strong>in</strong>g dystrophy can be found <strong>in</strong>:In gouty arthritis (arthritis urica) uric acid and sodium urate crystals can be found <strong>in</strong>:Factors contribut<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>for</strong>m<strong>in</strong>g and growth of concernments:Endogenous concrements are:Oculocutaneous melan<strong>in</strong> is:Coagulation necrosis is typical <strong>for</strong> what organ:Lipochrome is found <strong>in</strong> what food:In hemochromatosis deposits of ferrous pigment can be found <strong>in</strong>:What can be <strong>the</strong> cause of atrophy?Zenker’s necrosis is a type of:Causes of necrosis are:What belongs to <strong>the</strong> physical postmortal changes?From what does verdoglob<strong>in</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>ate <strong>in</strong> pseudomelanosis?Postmortal stiffness can be most commonly found after:Bra<strong>in</strong> (biological) death is characterized by:Ochronosis <strong>for</strong>ms as a result of:Venostasis <strong>in</strong> liver is found as a result of:Leukoderma is:Local sk<strong>in</strong> hyperpigmentation can be found <strong>in</strong>:Diabetes mellitus is a multifactor disease that can be caused by:Which manifestations characterize <strong>in</strong>flammation:What belongs to ma<strong>in</strong> parts of <strong>in</strong>flammation:To deep (<strong>in</strong>terstitial) <strong>in</strong>flammation belong:Fibr<strong>in</strong>ous <strong>in</strong>flammation of mucosa occurs as:A typical <strong>in</strong>flammation on serosae is:Alterative <strong>in</strong>flammation is characterised ma<strong>in</strong>ly by:A typical cell <strong>in</strong> TB (tuberculous) focus is:Caseous necrosis is typical <strong>for</strong>:Syphilis has <strong>in</strong> typical <strong>for</strong>m:Neurolues manifests as:Inborn syphilis is <strong>in</strong> advanced stage typical:To specific (granulomatous) <strong>in</strong>flammations evoked by viruses does not belong:Eos<strong>in</strong>ophilic sta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g is:Cyanophilic sta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g is:Most frequently used sta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> gynecological cytology is:Metaplasia is:
HPV is:Which HPV genotyp is high risk <strong>for</strong> malignant trans<strong>for</strong>mation:Cytologic criteria of malignancy are:Koilocyte is:Basic sta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> non-gynecological cytology are:Advantages of non-gynecological cytology are:Presence of goblet cells <strong>in</strong> gastric mucosa is a sign of:Cardiac manifestations of circulation failure <strong>in</strong>clude:Manifestations of right ventricle failure <strong>in</strong>clude:Nutmeg liver is a manifestation of:Cyanotic <strong>in</strong>duration of organs is a manifestation of:Capillary-venous congestion <strong>in</strong> systemic circulation occurs <strong>in</strong>:White thrombus is composed ma<strong>in</strong>ly of:The pathogenesis of thrombosis <strong>in</strong>volves:Paradoxical embolism is:Bra<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>farction is:Most common hemorrhagic dia<strong>the</strong>sis is:Cor pulmonale chronicum is a complication of:Pulmonary edema is a manifestation of:Heart tamponade:Complication of total ve<strong>in</strong> occlusion is:Which cells do not regenerate:Granulation tissue does not <strong>in</strong>clude:For wound contraction are responsible:Requirement <strong>for</strong> granulation tissue <strong>for</strong>mation is <strong>the</strong> presence of:Interrupted ends of nerves are connect<strong>in</strong>g by:Complication caused by carnification of a larger part of lung parenchyme is:Schloffer tumor is:Achalasia is:Part of adaptation is:Hyal<strong>in</strong>e thrombus is characteristic <strong>for</strong>:Vasculopathies <strong>in</strong>clude:Suffusions are:Ecchymoses are:Mediators of shock do not <strong>in</strong>clude:In septic shock <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>iciat<strong>in</strong>g endotox<strong>in</strong> of gram-negative bacteria is:OncologyPseudotumours do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Organoid tumors do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Tumor grad<strong>in</strong>g expresses <strong>the</strong>:Basal Cell Carc<strong>in</strong>oma metastases :Malignant tumors from squamous epi<strong>the</strong>lium do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Malignant tumor is characterised by:Stable precanceroses do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Relationship between malignant tumor and virus <strong>in</strong> humans is known mostly <strong>in</strong>:True sk<strong>in</strong> tumors do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Ulcus rodens is a complication of:Special types of tumors from squamous epi<strong>the</strong>lium do not <strong>in</strong>clude:
Benign tumors of glandular epi<strong>the</strong>lium <strong>in</strong>clude:Malignant tumors of glandular epi<strong>the</strong>lium do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Radiosensitive cells <strong>in</strong>clude:Pleomorphic adenoma occurs ma<strong>in</strong>ly:The most common tumor of <strong>the</strong> colon is:The most common complication of colon cancer is:Kerat<strong>in</strong>isation <strong>in</strong> epidermoid carc<strong>in</strong>oma is characteristic <strong>for</strong>:Papillocarc<strong>in</strong>oma of transitional epi<strong>the</strong>lium is characteristic <strong>for</strong>:Muc<strong>in</strong>ous cystadenoma is a tumor with characteristic localisation <strong>in</strong>:In classification based on tumor histogenesis, we devide tumors accord<strong>in</strong>g to:Malignant tumours from mesenchyme are?To mesenchyme cells do not belong?Intracellular substance of mesenchymal tumours can be created by?To tumours of connective do not belong?Fibrous connective tissue is created by?Fibroma is usually not present?To tumours of adipose connective tissue does not belong?Benign tumour of bones is?Intermediary fibres of mesenchyme are?Chondrosarcoma is?Tumours from vaso<strong>for</strong>mative tissue are?Kaposi sarcoma is?Capillary haemangioma is?Benign tumour from muscularis is?Leiomyoma most frequently appears?Typical tumour of childish age is?Malignant tumour from synovia is?Intercellular substance of fibroma create?Hibernoma is benign tumour?Hygroma coli cysticum is?Sarcomas metastasize ma<strong>in</strong>ly:Organ PathologyFallots tetralogy does not <strong>in</strong>clude:Ateriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis is a complication of:Hemorrhagic exudate <strong>in</strong> pericardial cavity is most common <strong>in</strong>:The most common tumor of <strong>the</strong> pericardium is:Infectious endocarditis <strong>in</strong>cludes:Part of Aschoff body are not:Löhle<strong>in</strong> nephritis is a complication of:Pericadritis epis<strong>the</strong>nopericardiaca develops <strong>in</strong>:Scar after myocardial <strong>in</strong>farction <strong>for</strong>ms <strong>in</strong>:In acute myocardial <strong>in</strong>faction <strong>in</strong>filtration of <strong>the</strong> necrotic area by granolcytes develops:Viral myocarditis is most commonly caused by:Metabolic myocardial diseases do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Osler´s nodes are a complications of:Ac<strong>in</strong>us is made of:In <strong>the</strong> pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema plays an importatn role:True tumors of <strong>the</strong> larynx <strong>in</strong>clude:
In asthma bronchiale is an <strong>in</strong>crease of:Pancoast tumor of <strong>the</strong> lungs is located:Horner´s syndrome <strong>in</strong>cludes:The most common histologic type of lung cancer is:Spontaneous pneumotharax develops from:Primary tuberculosis complex is composed of:Acute <strong>in</strong>terstitial pneumonia does not <strong>in</strong>clude:Hyal<strong>in</strong>e membranes <strong>in</strong> lungs develop <strong>in</strong>:In asthma bronchiale <strong>the</strong> bronchial lumens conta<strong>in</strong>:Sp<strong>in</strong>a bifida (rhachischisis posterior):Contrecoup <strong>in</strong>jury:Hydrocephalus :Myelomalatia:Characteristic microscopical sign of Park<strong>in</strong>son´s disease is:Hepatolenticular degeneration:Basilar men<strong>in</strong>gitis is:Alzheimer´s disease is:Creutzfeldt Jacob disease:Tabes dorsalis:The most common pituitary adenoma is:Which <strong>pathological</strong> states do manifest by hypopituitarism?Addison diesease is:Cush<strong>in</strong>g syndrome is caused by:Acute adrenal cortical <strong>in</strong>sufficiency occurs <strong>in</strong>:Hyperthyroidism is found <strong>in</strong>:Which tumors of <strong>the</strong> thyroid is typically spread<strong>in</strong>g by lymphatics?Which from <strong>the</strong> listed is not related to hyperfunction of parathyroid?Which from <strong>the</strong> listed orig<strong>in</strong>ates not <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> neuroendocr<strong>in</strong>e system?Which from <strong>the</strong> listed endocr<strong>in</strong>opathies is an autoimmune process?Which eye tumors is characteristic <strong>for</strong> adults?Diabetic reth<strong>in</strong>opathy is caused by:Hypertensive reth<strong>in</strong>opathy is caused by:Neuromuscular diseases most commonly present with:Neuromuscular transmission disorders <strong>in</strong>clude:Congenital myopathies manifest:Rhachitis is an osteodystrophy caused by:Parathormon regulates <strong>the</strong> level of:Fibrous callus develops dur<strong>in</strong>g:Pseudoarthrosis develops as a result of:Osteitis de<strong>for</strong>mans Paget is:Carc<strong>in</strong>oma of <strong>the</strong> male prostate is caused by:Testicular germ cell tumors do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Condyloma accum<strong>in</strong>atum is caused by:Koilocyt is a cell characteristic <strong>for</strong> an <strong>in</strong>fection caused by:CIN I of <strong>the</strong> cervical squamous epi<strong>the</strong>lium means basal cell proliferation up to:
Squamous cell carc<strong>in</strong>oma of <strong>the</strong> uter<strong>in</strong>e cervix develops ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>in</strong>:Carc<strong>in</strong>oma of <strong>the</strong> endometrium affects ma<strong>in</strong>ly women:Most common malignant endometrial tumor is:Sampson´s „chocolate“ cysts of <strong>the</strong> ovaries develop:Ovarian tumors orig<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g from gonadal stroma do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Endodermal s<strong>in</strong>us tumors produce typically:Gestational choriocarc<strong>in</strong>oma derived from:Placental site trophoblastic tumor produces:Fibrocystic change of <strong>the</strong> breast <strong>in</strong>cludes:Invasive breast tumors do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Most common breast carc<strong>in</strong>oma is:Adenocarc<strong>in</strong>oma of <strong>the</strong> prostate arises predom<strong>in</strong>antly <strong>in</strong>:Hormonal activity <strong>in</strong> testicular tumors is characteristic ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>for</strong>:In <strong>the</strong> time of diagnosis statement breast cancer is predom<strong>in</strong>antly localised <strong>in</strong>:Which breast tumor has <strong>the</strong> worst prognosis:Most common exocervical carc<strong>in</strong>oma is:Most common benign tumor of <strong>the</strong> myometrium is:Most frequent cause of primary <strong>in</strong>fertility <strong>in</strong> women is:Most frequent cause of primary <strong>in</strong>fertility <strong>in</strong> men is:Cryptorchidism is:Most frequent childhood neoplasm of <strong>the</strong> vag<strong>in</strong>a is:Vag<strong>in</strong>al flora <strong>in</strong> cytological <strong>exam</strong> can be devided <strong>in</strong>to:Be<strong>the</strong>sda system <strong>in</strong> gynecopathology assesses:SIL stands <strong>for</strong>:Sk<strong>in</strong> is composed of:Impetigo is a bacterial sk<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>fection caused by:Autoimmune diseases with sk<strong>in</strong> presentation do not <strong>in</strong>clude:Sk<strong>in</strong> diseases with viral orig<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>clude:Pustule is:Merkel cells of <strong>the</strong> sk<strong>in</strong> are:Mycobakterial sk<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>fections <strong>in</strong>clude:Munro microabscesses and Auspitz phenomenon are characteristic <strong>for</strong>:Bullous sk<strong>in</strong> diseases do not <strong>in</strong>clude:T<strong>in</strong>ea pedis (athlete´s foot) is:Benign prostate hyperplasia arises from:Ma<strong>in</strong> cause of benign prostate hyperplasia is:A typical <strong>in</strong>born kidney disease of newborn is:Morphological sign of a “shock kidney” is:A<strong>the</strong>rosclerotic nephrosclerosis <strong>in</strong>fluences ma<strong>in</strong>ly people with:Typical sign of membranous glomerulonephritis is:Morphological changes found <strong>in</strong> mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis are:Kimmelstiel and Wilson glomerulosclerosis is found <strong>in</strong>:Löhle<strong>in</strong> nephritis is a result of:Common cl<strong>in</strong>ical symptom of kidney amyloidosis is:Diseases caus<strong>in</strong>g haematuria is:Most common cause of acute pyelonephritis (tubulo<strong>in</strong>tersticial nephritis) is:Typical f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> purulent pyelonephritis <strong>in</strong> ur<strong>in</strong>e is:A typical kidney tumor found of childhood is:
Outer layer of glomerular capillary is covered by:Epi<strong>the</strong>lium cover<strong>in</strong>g ur<strong>in</strong>ary tract is:Megauter is:Kidney <strong>in</strong>farction is characterized by what type of necrosis:End – stage kidney can be <strong>the</strong> result of:In kidney amyloidosis <strong>the</strong> amyloid if found <strong>in</strong>:Hyperacute kidney rejection is caused by:Hydronephrosis is accumulation of:Describe <strong>the</strong> types of epi<strong>the</strong>lium found <strong>in</strong> GIT:Ma<strong>in</strong> causes of esophagitis are:Adenocarc<strong>in</strong>oma is <strong>in</strong> what percentage of all esophageal malignant tumors:What is Barrett esophagus:Squamous Cell Carc<strong>in</strong>oma is <strong>in</strong> what percentage of all esophageal malignant tumors:What are <strong>the</strong> risk factors contribut<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> esophageal carc<strong>in</strong>oma:Chronic gastritis type B ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>in</strong>fluences what part of stomach:Menetrier’s disease is characterized by:What type of gastritis is connected with a high risk of cancer?Cush<strong>in</strong>g (stress) ulcers are:What malignant tumor of stomach is found <strong>in</strong> 1%?What diseases contribute to stomach cancer?A complication of stomach cancer can be:A complication of Crohn’s disease can be:Florid state of ulcerative colitis is characterized by:What can be found <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>test<strong>in</strong>al epi<strong>the</strong>lium of celiakálnej sprue without <strong>the</strong>rapy:Hirschsprung’s disease (megacolon congenitum) is characterized by:What etiologically contributes to <strong>the</strong> colorectal carc<strong>in</strong>oma?Mallory hyal<strong>in</strong>e (body) <strong>in</strong> hepatocytes is found:Acute hemorrhagic necrosis of pancreas is characterized by:Pancreatic adenocarc<strong>in</strong>oma metastases are found <strong>in</strong>:Klatsk<strong>in</strong> tumor is carc<strong>in</strong>oma of:The cause of secondary biliary cirrhosis is:Hepatitis C is caused by:Obstructive icterus does not orig<strong>in</strong>ate from cholecystolithiasis <strong>in</strong>:Portal hypertension is caused by: