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framework in UK are put forth taking into account convergence in Part 4.After the basis that is set in these chapters, the research part takes place in Part 5.This chapter concentrates on Turkish case. In order to answer the second and thethird research questions, first both the legal and administrative structure in thecountry is analyzed. While analyzing the appropriate form and role of a newconverged body, recommendations and policies that are developed by abovementioned international and regional bodies are also considered. Then, in the light ofthis analyze some regulatory proposals are derived for the country.Finally, Part 6 summarizes the study and puts forth the important points that arereached during the research.Regarding the methodology; qualitative research strategy and case studymethodology are used in this particular study. Data is gathered using secondarysources of literature such as official documents from regulatory and governmentalbodies. Articles from academic journals are used as well as academic books andofficial documents of EU, ITU, OECD and regulatory reports from countries. Inorder to analyze the situation in Turkey and answer second and third researchquestions, individual case study methodology, which may be understood as „theintensive study of a single case where the purpose of that study is –at least in part- toshed light on a larger class of cases‟ (Gerring: 2007, p.20) is used in Part 5. Thismethodology is chosen in order to pursue in-depth analysis and to study whole unitsof the issue rather than some aspects of units. As stated by Gerring (2007, p.68),„evidence for a case study may be drawn from an existing dataset or set of texts ormay be product of original research by the investigator‟. In this particular study, amixture of these two methods is used. Current structure, duties and responsibilities ofregulatory agencies and boundaries between them are put forth by analyzingsecondary resources.9
2. CONVERGENCE AND ITS REGULATORY EFFECTS2.1. Concept of ConvergenceThe process of convergence was first mentioned in the academic literature in the1970‟s. One of the earliest expressions of the idea came from Nicholas Negropontein 1978. „He used three overlapping circles to represent the technologies ofcomputing, printing, and broadcasting. The most rapid growth and innovation, heargued, could be found in the area where the three intersected. Negroponte hadoverlooked the telephone system, but simultaneously, telecommunications‟(Mueler:1999 p.12).After its first usage in the literature, many colleagues attempted to define the termbut there is not a commonly accepted definition of the convergence in the literature.According to Lind (2004), „it was not just the business community who embracedconvergence without reflecting about how to define the term or its deeper meaningand implications. Most academic articles the last decade mentioning convergencehave taken it as a given and just dealt with different implications of the phenomena.Almost no academic articles have tried to define convergence and relate it to atheoretical framework‟ (p.2).EC‟s „Green Paper on the Convergence of the Telecommunications, Media andInformation Technology Sectors, and the Implications for Regulation‟ (Green Paper)which is the most quoted source for definition of convergence, defines the term as:„the ability of different network platforms to carry essentially similar kinds ofservices, or the coming together of consumer devices such as the telephone,television and personal computer‟ (EC:1997, p.1).In most of the definitions of the term, its characteristic is emphasized to “blur theboundaries”. For example, OECD has defined convergence as a buzzword in theinformation industry „which blurs the technical and regulatory boundaries betweensectors of economy‟ OECD:1992, p.13). Similarly, Fransman (2000) definesconvergence as „the blurring of borders between telecoms, computing and media‟(p.39). Choi and Valikangas (2001) similarly defines the term as the blurring of10
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