History XI – XII

(c)Unit-414 Confrontation ofcultures: America,15 th to 18 thcentury.Paths toview of history, scienceand philosophy: theArabs contribution. artistandrealism,architecture, the firstprinted books. A newconcept of humanbeings, the aspirationsof women, debateswithin Christianity, theCopernican revolution,reading the universe,was there a European“Renaissance” in the14 th century?Communities of theCarribean and Brazil.The state system ofcentral and SouthAmerica the Aztecs, theMayas, the Incas ofPeru, voyages ofexploration byEuropeans, the Atlanticcrossing, SpainEstablishing an empirein America, Cortes andthe Aztecs, pizarro, theIncas, Cabral and Brazil,conquest, colonies andthe slave trade,epilogue.As given in theNCERT book