A Search for Rare Decay D0 --> mu+mu - High Energy Physics UPRM

families of matter. These are divided into quarks with fractional electric chargesn(+o) and leptons with integer charge ) orn&no charge (neutrinos). At the samen n& (§ n n& ‚ and§‚1.1 The Standard Model 4`interchange must go to minus itself(1.2)rs J § mIpq rsFor non relativistic speeds, the total wave-function of the pair can be expressed as aq mIp§product of functions depending on spatial coordinates and spin orientation:(1.3)JuxpyhwzF),4Z& s:{ pyhwzkl+ swhere the spatialnmIpq, will describe the orbital motion of one particle about the other. Itrswvpart,xcan thatx happen is symmetric or antisymmetric under interchange and the function{spinmay be symmetric (spins parallel) or antisymmetric (spins antiparallel) under interchange.Bosons. They are: photon, gluon, W| and Z© . These particles have an integral spin(0, 1, 2,...) and are known as the intermediary particles because they are responsible forcarrying the force interactions. The photon is massless with spin 1 and is the intermediaryof the electromagnetic interaction. There is one kind of photon and two photons do notdirectly interact with one another. The gluon is massless with spin 1 and is the intermediaryof the strong interaction. There are eight types of gluons, each different from one anotheronly by a quantum number called color. The gluons interact with one another. The) and ), all of spin 1, are the intermediaries of the weakW|91.2~€Z (m} Z© 80.4~€Z (m}interaction. The W| and Z© do not interact with one another.Fermions. They have a half-integral spin ,...) and constitute the fundamental,‚o o (