A Motivated Exploration of Motivation Terminology - Anitacrawley.net

28 MURPHY AND ALEXANDERTABLE 3Conceptual Definitions of Selected Achievement Motivation TermsMotivation termGoalGoal orientationMastery goalPerformance goalWork-avoidant goalSocial goalInterestIndividual interestSituational interestMotivationIntrinsic motivationExtrinsic motivationConceptual definitionWhat students generally want to achieve in their classes be itacademic or social (Wentzel, 1989)A set of behavioral intentions that determine how studentsapproach and engage in learning activities (Meece, Blumenfeld,& Hoyle, 1988, p. 514)Represents a desire to develop competence and increase knowledgeand understanding through effortful learning (e.g.,Ames & Archer, 1988; Archer, 1994); Synonym: learninggoal (Dweck, 1986; Dweck & Elliott, 1983), task or taskinvolvedgoal (Nicholls, 1984; Nicholls, Patashnick, & Nolen,1985)Represents a desire to gain favorable judgments and avoid negativejudgments of one’s competence, particularly if success isachieved through a minimum exertion of effort (e.g., Dweck,1986; Dweck & Elliott, 1983); Synonym: ego or ego-involvedgoal (Nicholls, 1984, Nicholls, Patashnick, & Nolen, 1985)The main concern is to get work done with a minimum amountof effort (Meece, Blumenfeld, & Hoyle, 1988, p. 515)Refers to goals whose content encompasses the social aspects ofthe classroom such as pleasing others (e.g., teacher or family)and trying to be socially responsible (e.g., doing what one isasked to do) (e.g., Miller, Greene, Montalvo, Ravindran, &Nichols, 1996; Wentzel, 1991b)Signifies the processes by which the underlying needs or desiresof learners are energized (Alexander, Murphy, Woods,Duhon, & Parker, 1997, p. 128)A deep-seated interest which emerges from one’s history of interactionswith an object or stimulus that is characterized by thedesire to develop competence and display a personal investmentin the targeted field (e.g., Albin, Benton, & Khramtsova,1996; Alexander et al., 1997; Hidi, 1990; Schiefele, 1991)A transitory, short-lived interest that pertains to the specific characteristicsof an event or object within an immediate situationor context (e.g., Albin, Benton, & Khramtsova, 1996; Alexander,Murphy, Woods, Duhon, & Parker, 1997; Hidi, 1990;Schiefele, 1991)The physiological process involved in the direction, vigor, andpersistence of behavior (Bergin, Ford, & Hess, 1993, p. 437)A task is performed because it is rewarding within itself notbecause of a reward to be earned as a consequence(Whang & Hancock, 1994, p. 306)Performing a task to get something outside of the activity itself(Whang & Hancock, 1994, p. 306)