Primary health care: now more than ever - World Health Organization

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The World Health Report 2008Primary Health Care – Now More Than EverList of BoxesBox 1 Five common shortcomings of health-care deliveryBox 2 What has been considered primary care in well-resourcedcontexts has been dangerously oversimplifi ed in resourceconstrainedsettingsBox 1.1 Economic development and investment choices in health 3care: the improvement of key health indicators in PortugalBox 1.2 Higher spending on health is associated with better6outcomes, but with large differences between countriesBox 1.3 As information improves, the multiple dimensions of 10growing health inequality are becoming more apparentBox 1.4 Medical equipment and pharmaceutical industries are 12major economic forcesBox 1.5 Health is among the top personal concerns 15Box 2.1 Best practices in moving towards universal coverage 26Box 2.2 Defi ning “essential packages”: what needs to be done to 27go beyond a paper exercise?Box 2.3 Closing the urban-rural gap through progressive29expansion of PHC coverage in rural areas in the Islamic Republicof IranBox 2.4 The robustness of PHC-led health systems: 20 years ofexpanding performance in Rutshuru, the Democratic Republic ofthe CongoBox 2.5 Targeting social protection in Chile 33Box 2.6 Social policy in the city of Ghent, Belgium: how local 35authorities can support intersectoral collaboration betweenhealth and welfare organizationsxivxvii31Box 4.1 Rallying society’s resources for health in Cuba 65Box 4.2 Recommendations of the Commission on Social69Determinants of HealthBox 4.3 How to make unpopular public policy decisions 72Box 4.4 The scandal of invisibility: where births and deaths are 74not countedBox 4.5 European Union impact assessment guidelines 75Box 5.1 From withdrawal to re-engagement in China 84Box 5.2 Steering national directions with the help of policy86dialogue: experience from three countriesBox 5.3 Equity Gauges: stakeholder collaboration to tackle health 88inequalitiesBox 5.4 Limitations of conventional capacity building in low- and 91middle-income countriesBox 5.5 Rebuilding leadership in health in the aftermath of war 94and economic collapseBox 6.1 Norway’s national strategy to reduce social inequalitiesin healthBox 6.2 The virtuous cycle of supply of and demand for primarycareBox 6.3. From product development to fi eld implementation −research makes the link102107109Box 3.1 Towards a science and culture of improvement: evidence 44to promote patient safety and better outcomesBox 3.2 When supplier-induced and consumer-driven demand 44determine medical advice: ambulatory care in IndiaBox 3.3 The health-care response to partner violence against 47womenBox 3.4 Empowering users to contribute to their own health 48Box 3.5 Using information and communication technologies to 51improve access, quality and effi ciency in primary carevi
ContentsList of TablesTable 1 How experience has shifted the focus of the PHCmovementxvTable 3.1 Aspects of care that distinguish conventional healthcare from people-centred primary careTable 3.2 Person-centredness: evidence of its contribution toquality of care and better outcomesTable 3.3 Comprehensiveness: evidence of its contribution toquality of care and better outcomesTable 3.4 Continuity of care: evidence of its contribution toquality of care and better outcomesTable 3.5 Regular entry point: evidence of its contribution toquality of care and better outcomes4347485052Table 4.1 Adverse health effects of changing workcircumstances70Table 5.1 Roles and functions of public-health observatories inEnglandTable 5.2 Signifi cant factors in improving institutional capacityfor health-sector governance in six countries8992vii
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Chapter 2. Advancing and sustaining
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Primary carePutting people firstThi
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Chapter 3. Primary care: putting pe
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Public policiesfor the public’s h
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Leadership andeffective governmentT
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The wayforwardThe starkly different
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Chapter 6. The way forwardsame rate
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Chapter 6. The way forwardBox 6.2 T
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Chapter 6. The way forwardIn a glob
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Chapter 6. The way forwardof a poli
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IndexAAboriginal populations, healt
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IndexGGDPgrowth in GDP xviiilife ex
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IndexNigerinequalities in health/he
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Indextropical diseases 109Tunisia,
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PRIMARYHEALTHCAREREFORMSAs nations
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Primary health care: now more than ever - World Health Organization

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