By Linda A Smith Samantha Healy Vardaman Melissa A Snow

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The National Report on Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: America’s Prostituted Children 41Chapter 5: Identification of Domestic MinorSex Trafficking Victims and Trauma BondsSelf-identification and trafficked minors.Victims of domestic minor sex trafficking often do not self-identify as victims. The result is a denial of thevictimization due to fear of the physical and psychological abuse inflicted by the trafficker, and/or due tothe trauma bonds developed through the victimization process. Law enforcement and prosecutors explainthe difficulty this presents in the pursuit of prosecuting a trafficker in a domestic minor sex traffickingcase. Assistant U.S. Attorney Sharon Marcus-Kurn states:I think these cases that involve children — adolescents who are involved in commercial sex — areprobably some of the most difficult cases to do. That is because these girls are victims. They do notidentify as victims, they do not want you to identify them as victims, they do not want your help,or at least that is what they will tell you. They will give you a script that will include numerousfalse statements including their age, where they are from, [and] the relationship they have with thetrafficker/pimp. 123Trauma BondsThe psychological and physical ramifications of “pimp control” are extensive. Some of the many issuesstemming from the trauma that a trafficked youth may face are listed in the chart on the following page. 124123Prostituted Children in the United States: Identifying and Responding to America’s Trafficked Youth, Seg. 2. Prod. Shared HopeInternational and Onanon Productions. DVD. Washington, D.C.: Shared Hope International, 2008.124Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: Practitioner Manual & Intake Guide, Shared Hope International (May 2009).
42Shared Hope InternationalTable 3: Potential Mental Health Issues Facing Victims of Sex Trafficking1. Anxiety and Stress Disorder2. Attachment Disorder3. Attention Deficit/HyperactivityDisorder (ADHD)4. Conduct Disorder5. Depression (Major, Dysthymia )6. Developmental Disorders7. Eating Disorders8. Learning DisordersPsychological Disorders9. Acute Stress Disorder10. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)11. Anxiety Disorders Panic AttacksAgoraphobiaSocial Phobia12. Dissociative Disorders13. Eating Disorders Anorexia NervosaBulimia Nervosa14. Impulse Control Disorders15. Mood Disorders Major DepressionDysthymiaBipolarHypothymia16. Personality Disorders Borderline P.D.Histrionic P.D.Narcissistic P.D.Paranoid P.D.Anti-Social P.D.Avoidant P.D.Dependent P.D.Obsessive Compulsive P.D.17. Self-Harming Disorders Self-mutilation18. Sleep Disorders InsomniaHypersomnia19. Somatic Disorders20. Substance Abuse Disorders Often DTMs use substances to cope*The above are possible disorders common among domestically trafficked minors. Due to the nature of domestic minorsex trafficking and the multiple traumas victims sustain, it is common for victims to have a multi-diagnosis.
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By Linda A Smith Samantha Healy Vardaman Melissa A Snow

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