Developers

– the location of medical and welfare facilities. On large sites sanitaryfacilities for both sexes should be provided at several locations;– artificial lighting at places where work continues or workers pass afterdark;– The site should be fenced in to keep out unauthorized persons, children inparticular, and to protect the public from site hazards. The type of fencingwill depend on the location of the site, but in populated areas it should beat least 2 m high and without gaps or holes. Overhead protection will benecessary if tower crane loads pass over public thoroughfares;– arrangements to keep the site tidy and for the collection and removal ofwaste;– the need for low-voltage electric power supplies for temporary lighting,portable tools and equipment;– training needs of both workers and supervisors;– provision of safety gear5.1 Health and safetyPersonal protective equipment (PPE)The working conditions inconstruction are in most cases suchthat, despite all preventive measuresin project planning and work design,some personal protective equipment (PPE),such as a helmet, hearing and eye protection, boots andgloves, is needed to protect workers. However, there are disadvantages inusing PPE:– Wearing some forms of PPE may involve discomfort to the user and slowdown the work.– Extra supervision is called for to see that PPE is worn.– PPE costs money.Wherever possible, it is better to try to eliminate the hazard rather thanproviding PPE to guard against it.Some PPE such as safety helmets and footwear should be used on allconstruction sites. The need for other PPE will depend on the sort of workyou do. Remember, too, that proper work clothes will provide protection forthe skin.41