In the Dock

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The Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group (ATMG) was established in May 2009 and works to promote a victimcentredhuman-rights based approach to protect the well-being and best interests of trafficked persons. It wascreated to fulfil the role of a National Rapporteur set out in Article 29.4 of the Council of Europe Convention onAction against Trafficking in Human Beings 2005. The ATMG undertakes analytical and evaluative monitoringof the implementation of the Convention, with a view to strengthening the overall effectiveness of UK antitraffickingpolicy.This report, the third in the ATMG series, examines the UK’s criminal justice system and its response totrafficking in accordance with relevant Convention obligations.We would like to thank Comic Relief, the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation and The Bromley Trust for funding theactivities of ATMG.The views expressed herein are those of the ATMG and in no way reflect the opinion of the funders.The ATMG comprises:AfrucaAmnesty International (Northern Ireland and Scotland)Anti-Slavery InternationalBlack Association of Women Step Out (BAWSO)ECPAT UKHelen Bamber FoundationKalayaanPOPPY Project (of Eaves Housing)Trafficking Awareness Raising Alliance (TARA of Glasgow Community & Safety Services)The Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group, c/o Anti-Slavery InternationalThomas Clarkson House, The Stableyard, Broomgrove Road, London SW9 9TL, United KingdomTel. +44 (0) 207 501 8920Email: antitrafficking@antislavery.orgFor further information see: www.antislavery.org/atmg
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In the DockExamining the UK’s Cri
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AcknowledgementsThis report was mad
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PrefaceIn May 2009, a group of nine
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Misconceptions around exploitation
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Acronyms and abbreviations frequent
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Executive SummaryIn the Dock is The
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Furthermore, the current legislatio
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The ATMG was made aware of some cas
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• Introduce mandatory child-speci
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• The UK’s ability to meet the
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Traffickers’ primary motivation i
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• Money launderers - turn profits
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out to perpetuate the exploitative
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[their] own enslavement” is as fu
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Chapter 2: UK Anti-Trafficking Legi
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nationals who commit trafficking of
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Like the SOA, the “act” element
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(b) D requires another person to pe
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Forced or compulsory labourThe defi
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ConclusionAs a consequence of the s
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concerningly, the number of convict
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women who were recruited in Poland
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Chapter 4: Identifying trafficking
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Misconceptions around exploitationT
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espond inadequately to a trafficked
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multi-agency teams was described by
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Josie Connors. 179 In summary, inte
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defending a trafficked person for f
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“[B]ecause the NRM decision is on
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PTSD. 196 A Consultant Psychiatrist
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etween the client and the police, i
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Regular communication needs to be s
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Priority planningA particular issue
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Chapter 6: Multi-agency and interna
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canvassing for tarmacking opportuni
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Despite this, it would appear that
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Good practice - Operation Golf 229O
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Chapter 7: Criminal proceedingsThe
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Law enforcement working on the case
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trafficking require particular unde
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JuryPractitioners suggested that th
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years”. 258 Ambiguity within the
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officer stated that not all judges
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jurors to be assisted with expert e
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Good feedback was received from sem
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The Convention does recognise that
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Another option for trafficked victi
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There are two models with respect t
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1. Is there clear evidence that the
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decision can be taken into account
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also entails being “alert to the
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In some cases concerns were even ra
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Chapter 9: Prosecuting child traffi
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However, many children are not refe
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trafficking”. 352 It states: “W
Page 111 and 112: Previous research has found that th
Page 113 and 114: children as well as assisting in pr
Page 115 and 116: Child trafficking trainingThere is
Page 117 and 118: were too traumatic to involve them
Page 119 and 120: committed by a child whilst in a co
Page 121 and 122: • Introduce mandatory child-speci
Page 123 and 124: IdentificationThe PSNI is the main
Page 125 and 126: participants suggest that this is b
Page 127 and 128: The PPS stated that the reasons for
Page 129 and 130: this research was aware of potentia
Page 131 and 132: convictions of traffickers prosecut
Page 133 and 134: Possibly in response to certain hur
Page 135 and 136: espectively. In addition to custodi
Page 137 and 138: Conclusion and RecommendationsThe A
Page 139 and 140: CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS• Ensure that
Page 141 and 142: Crown Prosecution Service, Legal Gu
Page 143 and 144: Herman. J. Trauma and Recovery: The
Page 145 and 146: Annex I: Trafficking and other form
Page 147 and 148: (a) on summary conviction, to impri
Page 149 and 150: (b) which country is the country of
Page 151 and 152: 2009 Istvan Kalocsai (Snr)MetS.57 o
Page 153 and 154: 2009 causing actual bodily harm, su
Page 155 and 156: Skirmantas Kvedaras Feed, 2010 Rape
Page 157 and 158: 2012 Ahdel Ali (24)Mubarek Ali (29)
Page 159 and 160: Annex III: The CPS’s Seven Stages
Page 161: 159
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In the Dock

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