In the Dock

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Researcher and author: Rachel AnnisonDesign and layout: Jakub Sobik & Rachel AnnisonISBN: 9780900918797© Anti-Slavery International for The Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group
AcknowledgementsThis report was made possible by the information and advice provided by Members of The Anti-Trafficking Monitoring Group (ATMG) and a variety of individuals, organisations and agencies acrossthe UK and beyond, who have shared their experience of working with trafficked persons. The ATMGworks closely with the Human Trafficking Foundation and STOP THE TRAFFIK.Contributions to the report were provided on the basis that the names of individuals and organisationswould not be cited unless specifically permitted. The ATMG greatly appreciates the assistance thathas been provided to advancing our knowledge of the prosecution of traffickers and victims in the UK.The ATMG would like to especially thank Chloe Setter of ECPAT, Lois Hamilton, and Graham O’Neillof TARA, for producing the chapters on children, Northern Ireland and Scotland respectively.The ATMG would also like to thank Comic Relief, the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation and The BromleyTrust for funding this project.The views expressed in this report are not intended to reflect the opinions of the funders.1
Page 1: In the DockExamining the UK’s Cri
Page 5 and 6: PrefaceIn May 2009, a group of nine
Page 7 and 8: Misconceptions around exploitation
Page 9 and 10: Acronyms and abbreviations frequent
Page 11 and 12: Executive SummaryIn the Dock is The
Page 13 and 14: Furthermore, the current legislatio
Page 15 and 16: The ATMG was made aware of some cas
Page 17 and 18: • Introduce mandatory child-speci
Page 19 and 20: • The UK’s ability to meet the
Page 21 and 22: Traffickers’ primary motivation i
Page 23 and 24: • Money launderers - turn profits
Page 25 and 26: out to perpetuate the exploitative
Page 27 and 28: [their] own enslavement” is as fu
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2: UK Anti-Trafficking Legi
Page 31 and 32: nationals who commit trafficking of
Page 33 and 34: Like the SOA, the “act” element
Page 35 and 36: (b) D requires another person to pe
Page 37 and 38: Forced or compulsory labourThe defi
Page 39 and 40: ConclusionAs a consequence of the s
Page 41 and 42: concerningly, the number of convict
Page 43 and 44: women who were recruited in Poland
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 4: Identifying trafficking
Page 47 and 48: Misconceptions around exploitationT
Page 49 and 50: espond inadequately to a trafficked
Page 51 and 52: multi-agency teams was described by
Page 53 and 54:
Josie Connors. 179 In summary, inte
Page 55 and 56:
defending a trafficked person for f
Page 57 and 58:
“[B]ecause the NRM decision is on
Page 59 and 60:
PTSD. 196 A Consultant Psychiatrist
Page 61 and 62:
etween the client and the police, i
Page 63 and 64:
Regular communication needs to be s
Page 65 and 66:
Priority planningA particular issue
Page 67 and 68:
Chapter 6: Multi-agency and interna
Page 69 and 70:
canvassing for tarmacking opportuni
Page 71 and 72:
Despite this, it would appear that
Page 73 and 74:
Good practice - Operation Golf 229O
Page 75 and 76:
Chapter 7: Criminal proceedingsThe
Page 77 and 78:
Law enforcement working on the case
Page 79 and 80:
trafficking require particular unde
Page 81 and 82:
JuryPractitioners suggested that th
Page 83 and 84:
years”. 258 Ambiguity within the
Page 85 and 86:
officer stated that not all judges
Page 87 and 88:
jurors to be assisted with expert e
Page 89 and 90:
Good feedback was received from sem
Page 91 and 92:
The Convention does recognise that
Page 93 and 94:
Another option for trafficked victi
Page 95 and 96:
There are two models with respect t
Page 97 and 98:
1. Is there clear evidence that the
Page 99 and 100:
decision can be taken into account
Page 101 and 102:
also entails being “alert to the
Page 103 and 104:
In some cases concerns were even ra
Page 105 and 106:
Chapter 9: Prosecuting child traffi
Page 107 and 108:
However, many children are not refe
Page 109 and 110:
trafficking”. 352 It states: “W
Page 111 and 112:
Previous research has found that th
Page 113 and 114:
children as well as assisting in pr
Page 115 and 116:
Child trafficking trainingThere is
Page 117 and 118:
were too traumatic to involve them
Page 119 and 120:
committed by a child whilst in a co
Page 121 and 122:
• Introduce mandatory child-speci
Page 123 and 124:
IdentificationThe PSNI is the main
Page 125 and 126:
participants suggest that this is b
Page 127 and 128:
The PPS stated that the reasons for
Page 129 and 130:
this research was aware of potentia
Page 131 and 132:
convictions of traffickers prosecut
Page 133 and 134:
Possibly in response to certain hur
Page 135 and 136:
espectively. In addition to custodi
Page 137 and 138:
Conclusion and RecommendationsThe A
Page 139 and 140:
CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS• Ensure that
Page 141 and 142:
Crown Prosecution Service, Legal Gu
Page 143 and 144:
Herman. J. Trauma and Recovery: The
Page 145 and 146:
Annex I: Trafficking and other form
Page 147 and 148:
(a) on summary conviction, to impri
Page 149 and 150:
(b) which country is the country of
Page 151 and 152:
2009 Istvan Kalocsai (Snr)MetS.57 o
Page 153 and 154:
2009 causing actual bodily harm, su
Page 155 and 156:
Skirmantas Kvedaras Feed, 2010 Rape
Page 157 and 158:
2012 Ahdel Ali (24)Mubarek Ali (29)
Page 159 and 160:
Annex III: The CPS’s Seven Stages
Page 161 and 162:
159
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In the Dock

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