The Analysis of Solar Energetic Particles

Panel (a) shows superposed intensity-time profiles of 3-6 MeV protons in severalevents with streaming limited intensities early in the events. Panel (b) shows similarlimits as a function of energy in the large 1989 October 19 event. Intensities often peakat the time of shock passage at values that are 10-100 times the streaming limit.D. V. Reames, 2000. The streaming limitEscape of particlesfrom the near-shock region isimpeded due tovery highintensities ofproton-generatedwaves. Someparticles aretrapped near theshock (ESPevents).