DIESEL FUELS & DIESEL FUEL SYSTEMS

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Diesel Fuels & Diesel Fuel SystemsApplication and Installation Guidebefore it flows through the filter(s)can prevent wax problems. The fuelwill flow through pumps and linesbut not through filters attemperature below the cloud point(where a cloud or haze appears inthe fuel).At temperatures below the pourpoint (the lowest temperature thatfuel will flow or pour), fuel will notflow in lines or pumps. The use offuel with a pour point above theminimum expected ambienttemperature is not recommended.Fuel heaters will often solve cloudpoint problems but not pour pointproblems unless applied to the entirefuel storage volume.Consider the following suggestionswhen applying fuel heaters toCaterpillar engines.• Fuel heaters should be usedwhen the ambienttemperature is below the fuelcloud point. Many types ofheaters can be used;however, the fuel should beheated before the first filter inthe fuel system. Fuel heatersshould not be used when theambient temperature exceeds15°C (60°F). Under nocondition should the maximumfuel temperature at the outletof the fuel heater exceed thelimit specified on the previouspage.Page 32• Heaters used should becapable of handling themaximum fuel flow of theengine. The restriction createdshould not exceed publishedlevels of the engine (publishedvalues for fuel flow andallowable restriction can befound in the TMI).• Coolant may be taken fromtaps on the engine whenusing the engine as a heatsource. Care must be taken toassure that coolant shuntingto one system does notadversely affect anothersystem, and that both haveadequate flow.CAUTION: Failed water sourced fuelheaters can introduce excessivewater into the engine fuel systemand cause injector failure.Maintenance responsibility of thistype of heater must be clearlydefined.• Fuel heaters offered byCaterpillar use engine coolantto heat the fuel and preventthe development of solid waxparticles.• When any fuel heater is usedand ambient temperatures arebelow approximately 0°C(32°F), the engine should bestarted and run at low idleuntil the engine temperaturerises slightly. This allows heattransfer to the fuel beforehigh fuel flow rates at highpower output are experiencedby the system. This willreduce the possibility of waxplugging the fuel filter shortlyafter a cold start.©2005 Caterpillar®All rights reserved.
Application and Installation GuideDiesel Fuels & Diesel Fuel SystemsPartial Load OperationExtended operation at low idle orat reduced load may cause increasedoil consumption and carbon buildupin the cylinders. Carbon buildupresults in a loss of power and/orpoor performance. When possible,apply a full load at least on an hourlybasis. This will burn excess carbonfrom the cylinders.Burning Used Crankcase OilWith legislation and ecologicalpressures, it is becomingincreasingly difficult to dispose ofused oil. The burning of usedcrankcase oil in 3600 engines is notrecommended due to the detrimentaleffects on exhaust emissions.However, if ancillary methods ofreducing exhaust emissions toacceptable limits are used, or ifemissions are not a problem, burningcrankcase oil in 3600 engines ispossible with the followingguidelines.• It is necessary to collect,store, and dispose of usedcrankcase oil from enginescorrectly. It is not acceptableto dump used crankcase oilinto the oceans, rivers, andharbors from vessels oroffshore drilling andproduction platforminstallations. It may benecessary for engineoperators to consider burningcrankcase oil in theirCaterpillar engines. This canbe done, providing theprecautions below arecarefully followed:• Only diesel engine crankcaseoils can be mixed with thediesel engine fuel supply. Theratio of used oil to fuel mustnot exceed 5%. Prematurefilter plugging will occur athigher ratios. Under nocircumstances should gasolineengine crankcase oil,transmission oils, specialhydraulic oils not covered byCaterpillar recommendations,grease, cleaning solvents,etc., be mixed with the dieselfuel. Do not use crankcaseoils containing water orantifreeze from engine coolantleaks or poor storagepractices.• Adequate mixing is essential.Lube oil and fuel oil, oncemixed, will combine and notseparate. Mix used filteredcrankcase oil with an equalamount of fuel, then add the50-50 blend to the supplytank before new fuel is added(maintaining the 5% used oilto-fuelratio). This procedureshould normally providesufficient mixing. Failure toachieve adequate mixing willresult in premature filterplugging by slugs of undilutedoil.©2005 Caterpillar®All rights reserved. Page 33
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DIESEL FUELS & DIESEL FUEL SYSTEMS

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