Mangrove Cove

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Delta Mangrove Cove Management Plan For such a small area, the site has a rich usage history. The management aim is to conserve culturally interesting aspects of the site and interpret this, where appropriate, for visitors. Strategies: • Maintain the Ships’ Graveyard interpretive trail. • Replicate the sign describing the Swim Through Sculptures that is present on the eastern bank of the river so that visitors to Mangrove Cove are aware of these pieces of public art. 5.4 Managing threats and opportunities 5.4.1 Threats to ecological values and mitigation measures Mangrove Cove is a very small reserve, surrounded by commercial and industrial users and soon to have a residential development as a neighbour. Besides the past practices that have degraded portions of the site, there are ongoing risks to the site from maritime and terrestrial invasive species of plants and animals, illegal domestic and commercial dumping, stormwater runoff from increased areas of sealed land surface in the residential subdivision, noise intrusion from the railway and Port, bait digging and mangrove incursion. While the first five of these threats are self explanatory, the latter threat has only been recognized relatively recently and so is discussed in more detail here. Mangrove and saltmarsh habitats are ‘seral’ or ‘change habitats.’ That is, their boundaries do not stay the same over time, but change to reflect factors such as sea-level change and sediment supply. In Mangrove Cove the mangroves are expanding rapidly, as they are right around the Barker Inlet. Harty (2002) suggests that some of the basic causes of this expansion of mangrove habitat at the expense of saltmarsh include: • Sea level rise allowing mangroves to colonise saltmarshes; • Increased rainfall or the discharge of stormwater to saltmarshes, which reduces soil salinity within saltmarsh areas and allows mangroves to migrate into saltmarsh vegetation; • Increased nutrients in estuaries and the intertidal zone favouring mangrove colonisation; • Mangroves recolonising previously cleared areas; • Modified estuary entrances or channels through dredging which alters tidal patterns and allows increased tidal inundation favouring mangrove expansion; • Subsidence of the intertidal flats permitting mangroves to migrate inland into saltmarsh communities; and • Saltmarsh being considered as a pioneer species, which is subsequently replaced by mangroves. This change is not an issue in areas where saltmarsh can also retreat, but in areas adjacent to urban development, or where the topography changes suddenly, the saltmarsh becomes trapped, and eventually is extirpated. In Barker Inlet particularly, where saltmarsh is trapped between the mangroves and the seawalls, this habitat has gradually been over run since the 1940’s and now very little remains. LMC-MCR-001-PC/RE Page 33
Delta Mangrove Cove Management Plan In the case of Mangrove Cove, the speed of this change has been high, and the number of young mangrove trees sprouting amongst the saltmarsh plants suggests that the pace of this expansion is not slowing. The site has a very gentle slope and it would not be unreasonable to suggest that within another twenty years mangroves would have reached beyond the edge of the reserve to where the deeper channel starts (shown in Figure 4 of Section 5.2.1.1 Evolution of the landscape). There are two responses to this change - observe and interpret the change in habitat as mangroves gradually reclaim the site, or actively manage the site to maintain the highest range of biodiversity and cultural values. Change is a natural process in intertidal communities, and watching it occur is an important educational facet of environmental awareness. It takes man from the ‘controlling centre’ of the universe and places him in his niche – a small cog in a large wheel. This is a valuable lesson, and the mangroves at Ethelton may be used to illustrate several salient points – sealevel change, land subsidence, the temporary nature of even quite large structures such as boats and the importance of providing saltmarsh retreat areas for not only the plants but also the animals and migratory birds that depend on them. The negative side of allowing change to occur in this instance is the resulting reduction in biodiversity value (vegetation species diversity, mud flat infauna and wader bird habitat) and cultural values (shipwrecks, log pool piles and the ‘swim through sculptures’, indigenous values). Where the ‘observe’ option is selected, interpretive signage is recommended to assist the public in recognising what is occurring on the site. As noted above, a monoculture of mangrove has lower biodiversity value than an area that includes both mangroves and salt marsh. The obvious differences are observable in vegetation diversity and wader bird habitat, both of which are smaller in a mangrove monoculture. Mangroves are normally limited in their incursion into saltmarshes by the increased soil salinity. In areas such as Mutton Cove, a restricted tidal entrance allows control of the water levels and resulting soil salinity. In other parts of Barker Inlet such control is not available. In some small areas there is land available for saltmarsh retreat (Little Para) but in most areas the saltmarsh will be over run by mangroves. The Mangrove Cove saltmarshes are very small and have no tidal restrictions, however they could possibly be managed by salting the saltmarsh areas and wrecks. This should be a low impact, low cost method of slowing the advance of the mangroves, leaving open area for the wrecks, saltmarshes and migratory birds. The negative side of undertaking such an action is the essentially artificial nature of the control. The process is experimental, so determining the degree of intervention may be iterative. Also, it is unknown how effective the process would be. While the process is likely to work to slow the mangrove expansion down in the short term (10-20 years) it may not be sufficient to prevent the change in the case of extreme sea-level change over the longer term. Indeed, should sea-level change be very large, even the mangroves may not survive. Stakeholders have selected ‘active management’ as a management tool in Mangrove Cove, however they recognise that this is an experimental procedure. It is recommended that the salting program be designed as an experiment, monitored over several years and interpretation provided. LMC-MCR-001-PC/RE Page 34
Page 2 and 3: Mangrove Cove Management Plan Peri
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Page 52 and 53: Appendices Aims and strategies tabl
Page 54 and 55: MANAGEMENT ISSUE Cultural values Th
Page 56 and 57: Flora collection permit
Page 58 and 59: Additional Condtions: GENERAL FLORA
Page 60 and 61: Mangrove Cove field data Permit: A2
Page 66 and 67: the Tandanja ruwe by way of Medaind
Page 68 and 69: (Phalacrocorax carbo) totem at the
Page 70 and 71: Janaleitj? (How far away?) Nitj tei
Page 74 and 75: FITZJAMES - possibly Jervois Basin
Page 76 and 77: FIDES - Jervois Basin The four-mast
Page 78 and 79: UNIDENTIFIED WOODEN PONTOON - Jervo
Page 80 and 81: Remediating seagrass beds The origi
Page 82 and 83: Prior to attempting any remediation
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Active management of mangrove expan
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only slowly diffuse away. The chang
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Preliminary suggestions for constru
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The area flooded only every few day
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Delta Mangrove Cove Management Plan
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Delta Mangrove Cove Management Plan
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Mangrove Park Management Plan This
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Cultural Kaurna significance • Th
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Mangrove Cove

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