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EUR 22245 EN (2006) Bio-Bio Project Figure 2. Calculated contribution (%) of agriculture to total nitrate load for the Italian catchments larger than 1000 km2. The EPIC model was then set-up on the Pavia region, to evaluate the impact of various management strategies to reduced nitrogen losses. Different approaches exits to limit nutrient losses. In this particular case, EPIC was used to evaluate the impact of the fractioning of the application of nitrogenous fertiliser. In the base run, mineral nitrogen was applied one week before planting for all areas under corn cultivation. In the scenario, the same amount of 28 nitrogenous fertiliser was applied in the form of manure in two doses: 25% before planting and 75% one month after planting. The overall yield was very similar in both scenarios (a decrease of less than 5% is observed in the second scenario) while a dramatic decrease in nitrate leaching is observed. The spatial distribution of nitrate leaching for both scenarios is shown in Figure 3.
EUR 22245 EN (2006) Bio-Bio Project Figure 3. Nitrate leaching for the Pavia for the two nutrient management scenarios: a) one single application of mineral nitrogen, b) split applications of organic nitrogen. 4. Conclusions A tiered integrated approach for addressing nutrient fate at various scales has been developed. The tier 1 statistical screening tool was used and identified the Po valley as a region with higher emission rate of nitrogen when compared with other regions. The EPIC model was then used to evaluate the impact of a split fertiliser application versus one single application in the Pavia region. It was predicted that a decrease by 60% of the nitrate leaching could be achieved by applying the same amount of mineral nitrogen currently used in two consecutive applications of manure while affecting the crop yield by less than 5%. 29 a) b) REFERENCES Arnold, J.G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R.S., Williams, J.R., 1998. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 34: 73-89 Cenci, R, et al., 2006. Il suolo della provincia di Pavia. EUR: LB-NA- 22132-IT-C IT, 128p. ESB, 1998. Georeferenced Soil Database for Europe, Manual of Procedures Ver. 1. European Soil Bureau, Scientific Committee. EUR 18092 EN, 184pp. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg. Gassman, P.W., Williams, J.R., Benson, V.W., Izaurralde, R.C., Hauck, L.M., Jones, C.A., Atwood, J.D., Kiriny, J.R., and Flowers,
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3.2 Nematodes 3.2.1 Density and tax
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Rhabditidae. In the biological-mana
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EUR 22245 EN (2006) Bio-Bio Project
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positive aspect must be pondered on
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Wardle DA and Yeates GW: The dual i
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In summary, the simulations depicte
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Figure 2-Extracted specimens for th
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The QBS-c index values of the Casci
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ar for evaluating the biological so
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2.8 AChE evaluation Acetylcholinest
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The Bio-Bio project proposes to com
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The sites were very different in te
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Fertilized management Within fertil
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species. So, the agricultural manag
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Texier C. (1995)- Etat de l’art c
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interfere with restriction endonucl
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similar level of polymorphism was d
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The analysis has been carried out i
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Table 4. Summary of Hazard Quotient
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Klemens EKSCHMITT Justus Liebig Uni
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European Commission EUR 22245 EN -
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