African Forest Biodiversity - Earthwatch Institute

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Form 4.2: Specimen Records: bats, rodents and insectivores Specimen sheet ref: Field sheet ref: Collector: Date: Time: (dd/mm/yy) Address: Collecting site: Altitude: Latitude: Longitude: Slope: Additional notes: Species: Field no.: Sex (if known): Age: Pregnant/lactating: Embryos: Breeding condition: Colour/markings: Wounds: Dental formulae: Mammary formulae: Ectoparasites: Endoparasites: Measurements: Bats: FATR mm mm HB TL TV E HF W mm mm mm mm mm g Material Preserved: Skin Skull Skeleton Stomach Faeces Blood Liver Kidneys Stomach contents: Component: Percentage: Remarks/Other 68
zebra duiker (Cephalophus zebra) 5. Large and medium mammals Helen Newing, Glyn Davies and Matthew Linkie 5.1 Biology This chapter will concentrate on the ungulates and the carnivores. Some species are sufficiently abundant in African forests to allow direct counting of animals to estimate popuation sizes, but many others are rarely seen, and therefore surveys rely on signs to assess their presence and gain a rough index of their abundance. The signs include conspicuous footprints in soft ground; large or persistent dung piles; diggings, and broken or trampled vegetation. This applies to many of the larger ungulates (see below), carnivores, pygmy hippo (Hexaprotodon liberiensis), and the pangolins or scaly anteaters, which live in burrows or tree-holes and feed on ants and termites. Ungulates (Orders Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla) Forest ungulates (mammals which walk on the tips of their toes) fall into two distinct size-groups. The small-bodied species (5-70kg) include duikers, chevrotain and bushbuck, which live in well-defined, stable home ranges. Larger species (>100kg) such as bushpig, giant forest hog, bongo, okapi, buffalo, rhinoceros and elephant are often wide-ranging or even migratory. In general, ungulates have a keen sense of hearing and smell, but their eyesight is relatively poor. Duikers are the most commonly seen terrestrial mammals in many African forests, although daytime sightings all too often consist of a quick 69
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A Field Survey Manual for Vertebrat
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African Forest Biodiversity: A Fiel
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Acknowledgements This manual has be
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4. Small mammals: bats, rodents and
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1. Introduction Glyn Davies 1.1 Bac
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Enlightened forest management requi
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2. Forest Surveys Glyn Davies 2.1 W
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A similar approach applies when sur
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multiple-use management plans to ad
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2.4 Ethical and legal standards Whe
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The advent of hand-held computers o
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At the local level, even more impor
Page 27 and 28: twig snake (Thelotornis kirtlandii)
Page 29 and 30: spp. toads, Arthroleptis spp. frogs
Page 31 and 32: 3.3.1 General surveys When visiting
Page 33 and 34: emains in mammal faeces, may all pr
Page 35 and 36: ● a hoe and pick suited to cuttin
Page 37 and 38: Advantages/limitations i) The advan
Page 39 and 40: Recording Information on captured s
Page 41 and 42: 3.3.5 Capture, mark, recapture When
Page 43 and 44: 3.3.7 Time-constrained searches In
Page 45 and 46: 3.3.10 Sound recording surveys Park
Page 47 and 48: 3.5 Health and safety Both amphibia
Page 49 and 50: 3.7 References Barbault, R. (1975).
Page 51 and 52: Rodel, M.O. (2000). Herpetofauna of
Page 53 and 54: Form 3.2: Specimen Records: herptil
Page 55 and 56: golden-rumped elephant shrew (Rhync
Page 57 and 58: 4.2 Management issues Small mammals
Page 59 and 60: 4.3.1 General surveys General surve
Page 61 and 62: Fig 4.1: Live Traps Sherman ● Hav
Page 63 and 64: ● full name of surveyor; sheet re
Page 65 and 66: Mist nets Mist nets for catching Mi
Page 67 and 68: Procedure i) Nets and traps should
Page 69 and 70: More detailed ecological research,
Page 71 and 72: There is a wealth of information th
Page 73 and 74: ii) After the measurements have bee
Page 75 and 76: 4.7 References Barlow, K. (1999). E
Page 77: Form 4.1: Small Mammal Catch Record
Page 81 and 82: identifying areas with concentratio
Page 83 and 84: Estes (1991). Although not a field
Page 85 and 86: Advantages/limitations This is a ti
Page 87 and 88: v) Some animals typically try to br
Page 89 and 90: Site selection i) As a general rule
Page 91 and 92: iii) Ideally, transects should be w
Page 93 and 94: tion between the scats of golden ca
Page 95 and 96: c 1 Transect route a c 2 b 1 b 2 ii
Page 97 and 98: If it is possible to distinguish in
Page 99 and 100: forest zone (Newing, 1990), disting
Page 101 and 102: camera to expose a frame when the f
Page 103 and 104: Davies, G., Heydon, M., Leader-Will
Page 105 and 106: 95 Start time Species No. of animal
Page 107 and 108: Notes: Distance from start = from s
Page 109 and 110: 6. Primates Glyn Davies 6.1 Biology
Page 111 and 112: angolensis) in Ituri (Zaire) and Ny
Page 113 and 114: gorilla hands); supplying animals f
Page 115 and 116: 6.3.1 Distribution surveys One of t
Page 117 and 118: A. Animal sightings Procedure i) Ea
Page 119 and 120: The transect width is influenced by
Page 121 and 122: section 5.3.4A. It is then possible
Page 123 and 124: Fig. 6.4: Mapping calls and sightin
Page 125 and 126: ii) Some groups’ home ranges will
Page 127 and 128: Davies, A.G. (1987). The Gola Fores
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Notes: Distance from start = from s
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Jameson’s wattle-eye (Platysteria
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forests present a particularly comp
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also be done by non-mechanical meth
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particular site. Entire bird commun
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Especially when you are starting of
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If a survey is being planned specif
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een recorded above 3m and within 25
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for shorter periods - the minimum o
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ory, line transects provide a measu
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ii) The species and numbers of indi
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are rarely encountered, there may n
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Site selection Mist nets work best
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line cut perpendicular to a survey
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considerable maintenance). Nets do
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The main limitation is how to keep
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7.4 Specimen handling Casualties am
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Traditional transects can be diffic
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Fanshawe, J.H. (1995). The Effects
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Thirgood, S.J. & Heath, M.F. (1994)
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Form 7.2: Bird Recording Sheet for
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Form 7.4: Specimen Records: birds S
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