Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN +20) - Global ...

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environmentally, economically and socially sustainable and implementable. This paper provides a road map for this purpose. II. Definitions 1. Agriculture : Agriculture is a profession based on crop and animal husbandry, forestry and agro-forestry, capture and culture fisheries and agro-processing, practiced either separately or in combination in the form of integrated farming systems, such as crop-livestock, crop-fish, crop-livestock-fish, tree-species and annual crops (agro-forestry) and a wide range of on-farm and off-farm occupations. In most developing countries, agriculture is both a way of life and the principal means to livelihood. Unlike in industrialised countries, it is not just a commodity producing enterprise, but is the backbone of the livelihood security system of a high proportion of the population in a majority of developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Small scale family farming is generally the rule in developing countries, while farming generally takes the form of large agri-business enterprises in industrialised countries. In developed nations, only 2 to 3 % of the population are classified as farmers, in contrast to 50 to 70 % of the population in Sub-saharan Africa and South Asia. 2. Nutrition Security involves physical, economic and social access to balanced diet (the needed macro and micro-nutrients), clean drinking water, sanitation, primary healthcare and nutritional literacy. 3. Nutrition-sensitive Agriculture : Nutrition sensitive farming involves the design and adoption of cropping and farming systems which can provide 2
agricultural remedies to the prevailing nutritional maladies. Nutritional maladies may take the following forms • Protein-energy under or mal-nutrition, primarily caused by poverty-induced lack of purchasing power • Hidden hunger arising from the deficiency of micro-nutrients in the diet, such as deficiency of iron, iodine, zinc, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, etc • Transient hunger arising from either natural calamities or civil disturbances including ethnic conflicts. A Nutrition-sensitive agricultural system should be capable of addressing the above forms of nutrition insecurity at the household, community and national levels. III. Approaches to mainstreaming the nutrition dimension in agriculture To begin with, the following systems of farm research should incorporate nutritional criteria a) Cropping System Research (CSR), which involves crop-crop rotation. A cereal-legume rotation will provide both proteins to human beings and nitrogen to the soil. Hidden hunger in the soil leads to hidden hunger among human beings. A combination of millet like Eleucine coracana and Moringa can provide all the macro- and micro-nutrients needed by the body. 3
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Page 5 and 6: e) How can Cropping System, Farming
Page 7 and 8: To undertake such tasks, it will be
Page 9 and 10: For spreading Nutrition Sensitive A
Page 11 and 12: Average Consumption (adults): 400 g
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