Joint Targeting

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Chapter II Normally, a summary of the plan resulting from the force assignment process, once approved by the component commander, is briefed to the JFC. Generally, operations and intelligence staffs work together to produce and brief the recommended plan. At the conclusion of this phase, the stage is set for the planning and execution of operations that perform discrete tasks in synergistic support of the JFC’s over-arching objectives. (e) Issue Tasking Orders to Forces. Once the plan developed by the force assignment team is approved, tasking orders to the assigned combat and support forces are prepared and issued. Intelligence assets and organizations, which support mission planning and assessment, are also tasked during this phase. (5) At the conclusion of this phase, the stage is set for the planning and execution of operations that perform discrete tasks in synergistic support of the JFC’s overarching objectives. g. Phase 5—Mission Planning and Force Execution (1) Upon receipt of tasking orders, detailed planning must be performed for the execution of operations. Figure II-8 illustrates the typical process flow of this phase. The joint targeting process supports this planning by providing planners with direct access to detailed information on the targets, supported by the nominating component’s analytical reasoning that linked the target with the desired effect (phase 2). This will provide the background information necessary for the warfighter to focus on the JFC’s objectives as the operation unfolds. (2) Combat operations are dynamic. During execution, the operational environment changes as a result of actions from the joint force, adversary, and other actors. Phase 5 – Mission Planning and Force Execution Issue/Revise Plans and Orders Fire Support Plans Information Operations Plan Space Plan Air Tasking Order Collection Plan Plan mission/ update mission plans/ validate Issue orders Execute orders Task reattack Reprioritize assets Desired effects not achieved Conduct dynamic assessment of target Evaluate Figure II-8. Phase 5—Mission Planning and Force Execution II-20 JP 3-60
The <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Targeting</strong> Cycle The joint targeting process monitors these changes in order to allow commanders to decisively use joint force capabilities to seize and maintain the initiative. These dynamic changes require particular attention to positive identification (PID), combat identification (CID), and target validation. (a) PID is an identification derived from observation and analysis of target characteristics including visual recognition, electronic support systems, non-cooperative target recognition techniques, identification friend or foe systems, or other physics-based identification techniques. PID is acquired during step 2 (Fix) during F2T2EA. CID is the process of attaining an accurate characterization of detected objects in the operational environment sufficient to support an engagement decision. CID is acquired prior to engagement. (b) Target validation is a critical function during this phase. Validation during execution includes analysis of the situation to determine if planned targets still contribute to objectives (including changes to plans and objectives), if targets are accurately located, and how planned actions will impact other friendly operations. (3) Lessons learned from recent operations have demonstrated the need for a distinct focus on dynamic targeting during phase 5. Phases 1 through 4 of the joint targeting cycle collectively produce targeting tasks, products, and the commander’s guidance for all targeting, whether deliberate or dynamic. In coordination with joint components and other agencies, the JFC and staff develop dynamic targeting guidance, which should include as a minimum priorities and guidance for dynamic targeting and identification of requirements by components; prioritization of targets, including TST criteria and procedures and componentcritical targets; guidance for acquisition; and action against the targets. (See Figure II-9 for a comparison between deliberate and dynamic targeting during phase 5.) The JFC should articulate risk tolerance sufficiently to let on-scene commanders understand his intent when dynamic targeting requires accelerated coordination. (4) Dynamic targeting has often been called F2T2EA or the “kill chain” and has also been used for specifically engaging TSTs (see Figure II-10). Its applicability extends to all targets whether developed during deliberate targeting or dynamic targeting. Targets of opportunity have been the traditional focus of dynamic targeting because decisions on whether and how to engage must be made quickly. However, planned targets are also covered during this phase but the steps simply confirm, verify, and validate previous decisions (in some cases requiring changes or cancellation). The steps of dynamic targeting may be accomplished iteratively and in parallel. The find, fix, track, and assess steps tend to be ISR-intensive, while the target and engage steps are typically labor-, force-, and decision making- intensive. Whether dynamic or deliberate targeting is used the next phase is assessment. (a) Step 1—Find (Figure II-11) 1. During this step, emerging targets are detected and characterized for further prosecution. II-21
Page 1 and 2: Joint Publication 3-60 Joint Target
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE 1. Scope This publication p
Page 5 and 6: SUMMARY OF CHANGES REVISION OF JOIN
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SU
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY COMMANDER’S OVE
Page 11 and 12: Executive Summary Certain targets m
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary to be available f
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Generally, TSTs a
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary directorate of a
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER I UNDERSTANDING TARGETS AND
Page 21 and 22: Understanding Targets and Targeting
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER II THE JOINT TARGETING CYCL
Page 33 and 34: The Joint Targeting Cycle (a) Unpla
Page 35 and 36: The Joint Targeting Cycle desired e
Page 37 and 38: The Joint Targeting Cycle Example T
Page 39 and 40: The Joint Targeting Cycle (b) Targe
Page 41 and 42: The Joint Targeting Cycle the use o
Page 43 and 44: The Joint Targeting Cycle 2. Restri
Page 45 and 46: The Joint Targeting Cycle (3) All e
Page 47 and 48: The Joint Targeting Cycle Phase 4 -
Page 49: The Joint Targeting Cycle run attri
Page 53 and 54: The Joint Targeting Cycle Phase 5 T
Page 55 and 56: The Joint Targeting Cycle Find Step
Page 57 and 58: The Joint Targeting Cycle Track Fur
Page 59 and 60: The Joint Targeting Cycle 3. The ta
Page 61 and 62: The Joint Targeting Cycle h. Phase
Page 63 and 64: The Joint Targeting Cycle C2 arrang
Page 65 and 66: The Joint Targeting Cycle In the pr
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER III JOINT FORCE TARGETING D
Page 69 and 70: Joint Force Targeting Duties and Re
Page 87 and 88: APPENDIX A LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
Page 89 and 90: Legal Considerations in Targeting t
Page 91 and 92: Legal Considerations in Targeting (
Page 93 and 94: Legal Considerations in Targeting i
Page 95 and 96: APPENDIX B TARGETING AUTOMATION 1.
Page 97 and 98: Targeting Automation whole or parti
Page 99 and 100: APPENDIX C COMPONENT TARGETING PROC
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Component Targeting Processes Joint
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Component Targeting Processes Joint
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Component Targeting Processes 5. Nu
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Component Targeting Processes CONOP
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1. The Purpose of Assessment APPEND
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The Targeting Assessment Process re
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The Targeting Assessment Process bu
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The Targeting Assessment Process (d
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The Targeting Assessment Process ta
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APPENDIX E REFERENCES The developme
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References e. NTTP 3-03.1, Volume 1
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APPENDIX F ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTI
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GLOSSARY PART I—ABBREVIATIONS AND
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Glossary NGA NIST NJOIC NRO NSA NSL
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Glossary cross-targeting (nuclear).
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Glossary lay. None. (Approved for r
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Glossary target acquisition. The de
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Glossary outlined in the commander
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Joint Targeting

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