Forging

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General rules of closed-die design • The die set should be designed for smooth metal flow – symmetry dies (spherical or blocklike) are the easier than thin and long section. • Shape changes in section are to be avoided. • Dies should be designed for the minimum flash to do the job. • Generous fillet dimensions should be allowed, therefore, forging dies must be tapered or drafted to facilitate removal of the finished piece. • Draft allowance is approximately 3-5 o outside and 7-10 o inside. • Dies with inclined angles should have counterlock to prevent the dies from sliding apart from each other due to side thrust. draft angle web rib Side thrust Counterlock Suranaree University of Technology Tapany Udomphol Jan-Mar 2007
www.nitrex.com Die materials Required properties • Thermal shock resistance • Thermal fatigue resistance • High temperature strength • High wear resistance • Hgh toughness and ductility • High hardenability • High dimensional stability during hardening • High machinability <strong>Forging</strong> die Die materials: alloyed steels (with Cr, Mo, W, V), tool steels, cast steels or cast iron. (Heat treatments such are nitriding or chromium plating are required to improve die life) Note: 1) Carbon steels with 0.7-0.85% C are appropriate for small tools and flat impressions. 2) Medium-alloyed tool steels for hammer dies. 3) Highly alloyed steels for high temperature resistant dies used in presses and horizontal forging machines. Suranaree University of Technology Tapany Udomphol Jan-Mar 2007
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 2 Forging Subjects of inter
Page 3 and 4: Introduction • Forging is the wor
Page 5 and 6: Forging operations Fullering is use
Page 7 and 8: Classification of forging processes
Page 9 and 10: Hammer and press forging processes
Page 11 and 12: Forging hammer or drop hammer Belt
Page 13 and 14: Power hammer • Power hammer provi
Page 15 and 16: Example: Hydraulic Press forging
Page 17 and 18: Typical values of velocity for diff
Page 19 and 20: Open-die forging • Open-die forgi
Page 21 and 22: Closed-die forging operation billet
Page 23 and 24: Example: Die set and forging steps
Page 25 and 26: Shape classification •The degree
Page 27 and 28: Preform design is the most difficul
Page 29: General considerations for preform
Page 33 and 34: Die materials Die life can be incre
Page 35 and 36: Calculation of forging loads The to
Page 37 and 38: D o h o h D We have engineering str
Page 39 and 40: • Consider the force acting on a
Page 41 and 42: As the frictional force µσ y is u
Page 43 and 44: The total forging load, P, is given
Page 45 and 46: Example: The flash has high deforma
Page 47 and 48: In the case of sticky friction, if
Page 49 and 50: The mean forging load (in the stick
Page 51 and 52: Forming textures Redistribution of
Page 53 and 54: Residual stresses in forging • Th
Page 55 and 56: Typical forging defects www.mece.ua
Page 57 and 58: Summary • Mainly hot forging - Bl

Forging

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