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Young people’s thoughts and comments on health and well-being Young people who participated in the reference groups and who discussed the findings thought that students may rate their life satisfaction lower as they got older because with age life becomes increasingly stressful; in particular because there is more pressure from school and the responsibility of making decisions that will affect you in the future. Both boys and girls thought that the reason girls report lower life satisfaction is because there is more pressure on girls to do well in school and to be popular- girls are subject to harsher judgement by their peers and in some cases teachers. The young people who participated in the reference groups also saw stress as a reason why health complaints are more prominent among girls and increase with age, as stress could lead to headaches, trouble sleeping etc. Some of the boys felt that boys were more likely to rate their health as good because they tend to do more sports and physical activity that provided a sense of body confidence and physical fitness. References Ben-Arieh, A. (2008). The child indicators movement: Past, present, and future. Child Indicators Research, 1(1), 3–16. Booth, M. L., Bernard, D., Quine, S., Kang, M. S., Usherwood, T., Alperstein, G., & Bennett, D. L. (2004). Access to health care among Australian adolescents young people’s perspectives and their sociodemographic distribution. Journal of Adolescent Health, 34(1), 97–103. Brooks, F., Magnusson, J., Klemera, E., Spencer, N., & Morgan, A. (2011). HBSC England national report: Findings from the 2010 HBSC study for England. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire. Cantril, H. (1965). The pattern of human concerns. New Brunswich, NJ: Rutgers University Press. Casas, F. (2011). Subjective social indicators and child and adolescent well-being. Child Indicators Research, 4(4), 555–575. Currie, C., Zanotti, C., Morgan, A., Currie, D., de Looze, M., Roberts, C., … Barnekow, V. (Eds.). (2012). Social determinants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: international report from the 2009/2010 survey. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe. Department of Health. (2010). Healthy lives, healthy people: our strategy for public health in England. London: Department of Health. Magnusson, J., Klemera, E., & Brooks, F. (2013). Life satisfaction in children and young people: meaning and measures. The Child and Family Clinical Psychology Review, 1, 118–126. 26 HBSC England National Report
Chapter 3 Health Behaviours Key messages The overall proportion of young people who report eating breakfast everyday has increased among both boys and girls from 2002 to 2014. Around 13% report never eating breakfast on school days and gender differences persist with fewer girls eating breakfast into 2014. 38% of respondents reported meeting the government recommendations of eating five portions of fruit and vegetables every day. 46% of 11 year olds, 35% of 13 year olds and 31% of 15 year olds reported eating five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. 22% of young people reported eating sweets every day. Older adolescents are more likely to report eating sweets daily. 60% of boys and 52% of girls reported they felt their body was about the right size. Girls were more likely than boys to report engaging in weight reducing behaviour; 17% of girls compared with 11% of boys said they were doing something to lose weight. The proportions of girls reporting they are on a diet has declined since 2002. Overall 19% of young people meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity, 22% of boys compared to 15% of girls. This figure for girls has remained relatively unchanged since 2002, but has decreased slightly for boys since 2010. 21% of young people reported drinking squash that contains sugar at least once a day. 14% of young people aged 11-15 reported consuming energy drinks at least 2-4 times a week and 5 % of all young people reported drinking energy drinks at least daily. Across all age groups a higher proportion of boys than girls reported consuming energy drinks, either once a day or at least 2-4 times a week. 17% of young people reported eating at a fast food restaurant at least once week. Boys are more likely to eat in fast food outlets than girls 22% of young people reported not having enough sleep to feel awake and concentrate on school work during the day, 25% of girls compared with 19% of boys Healthy Behaviours 27
Page 1 and 2: HBSC England National Report Health
Page 3 and 4: Foreword by Jane Ellison Since 1997
Page 5 and 6: Chapter 3. Health behaviours 27 Key
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 1 Contexts: The HBSC study,
Page 9 and 10: Methodology Prior to the commenceme
Page 11 and 12: Table 1.3: Participating pupils by
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 2 Health and Well-being Key
Page 15 and 16: Figure 2.2: Thriving: Proportions o
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.5: suffering: Proportions
Page 19 and 20: Multiple health complaints Half of
Page 21 and 22: Primary health care service use Mea
Page 23 and 24: GP’s explanations Overall, 83% of
Page 25: School attendance Of those who repo
Page 29 and 30: Diet and nutrition Measure • How
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3.4: Young people who report
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3.7: Young people who report
Page 35 and 36: Figure 3.11: Eating sweets daily 20
Page 37 and 38: 17% of young people reported eating
Page 39 and 40: Figure 3.16: Young people who do no
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3.18: Young people who feel
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3.22: Young people on a diet
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.24: Young people meeting r
Page 47 and 48: References Austin, S. B., & Gortmak
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 4 Substance Use Key message
Page 51 and 52: Age of first cigarette for 15 year
Page 53 and 54: Drinking to Excess Measures • Hav
Page 55 and 56: Cannabis use in last 30 days Measur
Page 57 and 58: References Brooks, F. M., Smeeton,
Page 59 and 60: Love Measures • Have you ever bee
Page 61 and 62: Sex Measures • Have you ever had
Page 63 and 64: Figure 5.6: Contraceptive method us
Page 65 and 66: References Blake, S., Emmerson, L.,
Page 67 and 68: Injuries Measures • During the pa
Page 69 and 70: Fighting Measure • During the pas
Page 71 and 72: References Chiolero, A., & Schmid,
Page 73 and 74: Parental employment and family stru
Page 75 and 76: Young people’s view of neighbourh
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Figure 7.3: Young people who find i
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Parental involvement and support fo
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Figure 7.6: Young people who make d
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Sports and exercise Overall, 41% of
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References Afifi, T. D., Joseph, A.
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Feeling pressured by schoolwork rel
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Academic achievement Measure • In
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Figure 8.5: Young people who said t
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School belonging Measure • Here a
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Figure 8.10 : Young people who agre
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PSHE Measures • Have you attended
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Among those who had attended PSHE l
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Chapter 9 Peer relationships, frien
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Overall only 5% of young people rep
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Figure 9.2: Proportion of young peo
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Just over two thirds (68%) of respo
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Figure 9.7 Young people who report
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Figure 9.11: Young people who have
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References Alikasifoglu, M., Ergino
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sexual health relationships family
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