Grasping the nettle
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28 <strong>Grasping</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>nettle</strong>: Ending Europe’s Trade in Execution and Torture Technology<br />
chemicals be included within <strong>the</strong> scope of coverage and that fur<strong>the</strong>r chemicals that could potentially<br />
be employed in revised lethal injection protocols are also considered. We recommend that<br />
<strong>the</strong> Commission consider amending <strong>the</strong> list of goods that could be used for <strong>the</strong> purpose of capital<br />
punishment (as listed in Annex IIIa) to include: hydromorphone, midazolam, pancuronium bromide,<br />
rocuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide. Given <strong>the</strong> rapidly evolving situation in <strong>the</strong> U.S. with<br />
a number of States actively exploring new lethal injection protocols, <strong>the</strong> range of toxic chemicals<br />
covered by this Regulation procedure should be regularly reviewed by <strong>the</strong> Commission and changes<br />
made to Annex IIIa as and when required.<br />
However, Amnesty International and Omega recognize <strong>the</strong> utmost importance of ensuring that<br />
transfers of pharmaceutical chemicals are not delayed or impeded in any way to health practitioners<br />
who would utilize <strong>the</strong>se chemicals for legitimate and potentially life-saving medical practices. Consequently<br />
we recommend that our proposed expansion of Annex IIIa should not take place until <strong>the</strong><br />
Commission proposals in this area have been agreed and introduced i.e. a system of Union General<br />
Export Authorizations for EU exports to abolitionist States, and individual or global export authorizations<br />
to non-abolitionist States.<br />
Secondly, whilst Amnesty International and Omega support <strong>the</strong> Commission’s proposed urgency<br />
procedures (see Chapter 5), we are concerned that <strong>the</strong>re may in certain cases be delays in reaching<br />
agreement to add specific pharmaceutical chemicals to Annex IIIa in order to control <strong>the</strong>ir transfer<br />
under <strong>the</strong> Regulation. There may even be a refusal to do so, as a result of <strong>the</strong> inability of relevant<br />
sections of <strong>the</strong> Commission to agree such action. This could occur even where a Member State<br />
wishes to halt a specific transfer of such chemicals from <strong>the</strong>ir own territory concluding that <strong>the</strong> specific<br />
transfer is intended for use in <strong>the</strong> death penalty.<br />
Amnesty International and Omega Recommendation: We recommend that individual EU Member<br />
States should be granted <strong>the</strong> authority to immediately suspend a specific transfer of a pharmaceutical<br />
chemical to a particular end user in a case where <strong>the</strong> Member State has evidence that<br />
<strong>the</strong> chemicals will be employed for inflicting <strong>the</strong> death penalty. Amnesty International and Omega<br />
believe that this is best enacted through <strong>the</strong> introduction of a targeted end-use clause (see Chapter<br />
6 of this report for fur<strong>the</strong>r discussion).<br />
Amnesty International and Omega would like to seek clarification about <strong>the</strong> consistency of applying<br />
<strong>the</strong> criteria used to select countries to be included in <strong>the</strong> list of destinations under Annex IIIb, i.e.<br />
countries covered by a Union General Export Authorization.<br />
Specifically, Annex IIIb includes certain countries that still retain <strong>the</strong> death penalty in <strong>the</strong>ir legislation.<br />
One of <strong>the</strong>se countries – Liberia – has, for instance, expanded <strong>the</strong> scope of <strong>the</strong> death penalty<br />
after becoming a State Party to <strong>the</strong> Second Optional Protocol to <strong>the</strong> International Covenant on Civil<br />
and Political Rights, in stark opposition to that instrument’s goal of <strong>the</strong> abolition of <strong>the</strong> death penalty.<br />
Amnesty International and Omega Recommendation: We recommend that those countries presently<br />
on Annex IIIb and potentially covered by a Union General Export Authorization, despite retaining<br />
<strong>the</strong> death penalty in <strong>the</strong>ir legislation - namely Benin, Liberia, Madagascar and Mongolia – be<br />
excluded from this Annex.<br />
Amnesty International May 2015 Index: EUR 01/1632/2015