Strategic Use New Media Peaceful Social Change

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6 Strategic Use of New Media for Peaceful Social Change CHAPTER 1 Blogging This chapter begins with an overview of the global conversation that activists, as well as internet and social media scholars, are having regarding the impact of ICTs on collective action and social change. We then move our focus to blogging and its advantages by first looking at the Egyptian blogosphere prior to Egypt’s 2011 revolution and how activists who doubled as citizen journalists and bloggers challenged the limits of press freedom and freedom of expression during Mubarak’s era. Shifting the focus toward Sudan we have two interviews about the Sudanese blogosphere and its evolution since 2006. Sudanese blogger and author Amir Ahmad Nasr spoke about the early years of the Sudanese blogosphere as well as his journey as a blogger that culminated in the publication of his book in 2013, My Isl@m: How Fundamentalism Stole My Mind – and Doubt Freed My Soul. 6 Cultural analyst Omnia Shawkat gives us an overview of currently active bloggers, the overriding themes in today’s Sudanese blogosphere, and how it reflects the country’s cultural scene. We conclude with a brief discussion on why blogging matters in the age of Facebook and Twitter. We then present a practical comparison between three popular and free blogging platforms (Blogger, Wordpress and Tumblr), explaining what they are best suited for and who should use them. This also encompasses a discussion about domain names and hosting options for personal and/or institutional blogs. 6 Amir Ahmad Nasr. My Isl@m: How Fundamentalism Stole My Mind – and Doubt Freed My Soul. St. Martin’s Press. 2013.
Strategic Use of New Media for Peaceful Social Change 7 The global debate: the impact of ICTs on collective action and social change With the advent of Facebook and Twitter, even before the Arab Spring revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt, a debate erupted about the real impact of social media tools on peaceful social change and civic engagement. In his controversial article, Why the revolution will not be tweeted, 7 Malcolm Gladwell argued against the efficiency of social media tools for activism. Using the American civil rights movement as a point of reference, he asserted that online activism allows only weak links or relationships to develop amongst people. He added that online organizing lacks the hierarchy and structure required to make organized activities work and endure and that online activism also lacks the “high risk” that compels people to act. Responding to Gladwell in Malcolm Gladwell is #Wrong, 8 a prominent young blogger Maria Popova asserts that, while “slacktivism” (passively associating with online causes) is a real problem, social media has been vital in raising awareness about critical issues and galvanizing action around them. “While awareness is certainly not a sufficient condition for activism, it is a necessary one,” she adds: Most human rights violations, from discrimination to genocide, can be attributed to one or both of two root causes: pluralistic ignorance (the tendency of a group’s members to incorrectly believe that the majority condones an injustice) and diffusion of responsibility (the conviction that someone else will take action against the injustices we are aware of). It takes a critical mass of awareness and assignment of responsibility for injustice to end. While the social web, with its inherent anonymity and predilection for slacktivism, may do little in the way of assigning responsibility, it has a monumental effect on awareness. Popova also debunks Gladwell’s assertion that online activism carries low risk, by reminding us that political bloggers and online journalists in nondemocratic countries such as Egypt and Yemen are getting detained for expressing themselves online. She adds that governments in countries like China and Uzbekistan are infringing on freedom of speech online through heavy online censorship and cyber attacks on bloggers and online activists. Hence, online activism does carry serious physical security risks in closed societies. BLOGGING 1 7 The New Yorker. Malcolm Gladwell. Why the revolution will not be tweeted. October 4, 2010. 8 Design Observer. Maria Popova. Malcolm Gladwell is #Wrong. October 6, 2010.
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CHAPTER 3 Crisis mapping CRISIS MAP
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CHAPTER 4 Crowdfunding CROWDFUNDING
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CHAPTER 5 Digital security DIGITAL
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Conclusion CONCLUSION
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