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Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491 Quick reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491 Chapter 22 Operator overloading 493 Understanding operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493 Operator constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Overloaded operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Creating symmetric operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .496 Understanding compound assignment evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .498 Declaring increment and decrement operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499 Comparing operators in structures and classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500 Defining operator pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500 Implementing operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501 Understanding conversion operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508 Providing built-in conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508 Implementing user-defined conversion operators . . . . . . . . . . . . .509 Creating symmetric operators, revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510 Writing conversion operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .511 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513 Quick reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .514 PART IV BUILDING UNIVERSAL WINDOWS PLATFORM APPLICA- TIONS WITH C# Chapter 23 Improving throughput by using tasks 517 Why perform multitasking by using parallel processing? . . . . . . . . . . . . .517 The rise of the multicore processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518 Implementing multitasking by using the Microsoft .NET Framework . . .519 Tasks, threads, and the ThreadPool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 Creating, running, and controlling tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521 Using the Task class to implement parallelism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .524 Abstracting tasks by using the Parallel class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536 When not to use the Parallel class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541 Contents xv
Canceling tasks and handling exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .543 The mechanics of cooperative cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .543 Using continuations with canceled and faulted tasks . . . . . . . . . . .556 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .557 Quick reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .557 Chapter 24 Improving response time by performing asynchronous operations 559 Implementing asynchronous methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560 Defining asynchronous methods: The problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .560 Defining asynchronous methods: The solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .564 Defining asynchronous methods that return values . . . . . . . . . . . .569 Asynchronous method gotchas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .570 Asynchronous methods and the Windows Runtime APIs . . . . . . . .572 Using PLINQ to parallelize declarative data access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575 Using PLINQ to improve performance while iterating through a collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .576 Canceling a PLINQ query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .580 Synchronizing concurrent access to data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .581 Locking data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584 Synchronization primitives for coordinating tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . .584 Canceling synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587 The concurrent collection classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .587 Using a concurrent collection and a lock to implement thread-safe data access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .588 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .598 Quick reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .599 Chapter 25 Implementing the user interface for a Universal Windows Platform app 601 Features of a Universal Windows Platform app . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .602 Using the Blank App template to build a Universal Windows Platform app . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605 xvi Contents
Page 1 and 2: Microsoft Visual C# Step by Step Ei
Page 3 and 4: PUBLISHED BY Microsoft Press A Divi
Page 5 and 6: PART IV BUILDING UNIVERSAL WINDOWS
Page 7 and 8: Associativity and the assignment op
Page 9 and 10: Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: Using multidimensional arrays . . .
Page 13 and 14: Using properties . . . . . . . . .
Page 15: Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 20 and 21: Introduction Microsoft Visual C# is
Page 22 and 23: ■ ■ Part III, “Defining exten
Page 24 and 25: System requirements You will need t
Page 26 and 27: For those of you who like to know a
Page 28 and 29: Project/Solution Description Chapte
Page 30 and 31: Project/Solution Description Chapte
Page 32: We want to hear from you At Microso
Page 35 and 36: Note The answers to these questions
Page 37 and 38: The outcome of the || operator is t
Page 39 and 40: notice that the Boolean expression
Page 41 and 42: Cascading if statements You can nes
Page 43 and 44: private void compareClick(object se
Page 45 and 46: else if (leftHandSide.Day > rightHa
Page 47 and 48: Understanding switch statement synt
Page 49 and 50: in a switch statement (even the def
Page 51 and 52: If the current character being copi
Page 54 and 55: Index Symbols & (ampersand) & (AND)
Page 56 and 57: inary operators creating, 232-241 d
Page 58 and 59: code CanExecuteChanged events, 670,
Page 60 and 61: CountdownEvent class concurrent ope
Page 62 and 63: Ellipse class for structures, 209 w
Page 64 and 65: forms exception objects, 144 except
Page 66 and 67:
indexers H handheld devices. See Un
Page 68 and 69:
lock statements I/O operations asyn
Page 70 and 71:
Name property invoking through dele
Page 72 and 73:
Parallel.Invoke method okClick meth
Page 74 and 75:
eference types number of, 521 Progr
Page 76 and 77:
static properties security, unsafe
Page 78 and 79:
throughput, improving System.String
Page 80 and 81:
views voice activation, 680-695 Win
Page 82:
yield keyword blocking current thre
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