Oliver et al (2004) Monitoring bleaching

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Table 4. Protection level table Category Description -1 Protected but unspecified level 0 Not protected 1 IUCN Category 1a * 2 IUCN Category 1b * 3 IUCN Category 2 * 4 IUCN Category 3 * 5 IUCN Category 4 * 6 IUCN Category 5 * 7 IUCN Category 6 * * Note: see IUCN Categories (Table 5) Table 5. IUCN Categories of Protected Area Table Protected Areas by IUCN (World Conservation Union) Categories (I-V). IUCN has defined a series of protected area management categories based on management objective. Definitions of these categories, and examples of each, are provided in Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories (IUCN, 1994). CATEGORY Ia Strict Nature Reserve: protected area managed mainly for science CATEGORY Ib Wilderness Area: protected area managed mainly for wilderness protection Area of land and/or sea possessing some outstanding or representative ecosystems, geological or physiological features and/or species, available primarily for scientific research and/or environmental monitoring. Large area of unmodified or slightly modified land, and/or sea, retaining its natural character and influence, without permanent or significant habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural condition. CATEGORY II National Park: protected area managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreation CATEGORY III Natural Monument: protected area managed mainly for conservation of specific natural features CATEGORY IV Habitat/Species Management Area: protected area managed mainly for conservation through management intervention CATEGORY V : Protected Landscape/Seascape: protected area managed Natural area of land and/or sea, designated to (a) protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future generations, (b) exclude exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes of designation of the area and (c) provide a foundation for spiritual, scientific, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities, all of which must be environmentally and culturally compatible. Area containing one, or more, specific natural or natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative or aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Area of land and/or sea subject to active intervention for management purposes so as to ensure the maintenance of habitats and/or to meet the requirements of specific species. Area of land, with coast and sea as appropriate, where the interaction of people and nature over time has produced an area of distinct character with significant aesthetic, ecological and/or cultural value, and often with high biological diversity. 32
mainly for landscape/seascape conservation and recreation CATEGORY VI : Managed Resource Protected Area: protected area managed mainly for the sustainable use of natural ecosystems Safeguarding the integrity of this traditional interaction is vital to the protection, maintenance and evolution of such an area. Area containing predominantly unmodified natural systems, managed to ensure long term protection and maintenance of biological diversity, while providing at the same time a sustainable flow of natural products and services to meet community needs. Table 6. Stressors table Category Description 1 Absent 2 Present or limited extent/severity 3 Common or extensive/severe Table 7. Benthos abundance table Category Description 0 0% 1 1-10% 2 11-30% 3 31-50% 4 51-75% 5 76-100% * Note: see AIMS % cover table and figure (Note addition of Category 0) Figure 1. AIMS Benthos Cover Categories Table 8. Site bleaching category table Index % Description Visual Assessment 0 < 1 No Bleaching No bleaching observed, or only very occasional, scattered bleached colonies (one or two per dive) 1 1-10 Low or Mild Bleaching Bleached colonies seen occasionally and are conspicuous, but vast majority of colonies not bleached 2 10-50 Moderate bleaching Bleached colonies frequent but less than half of all colonies 3 50-90 High Bleaching Bleaching very frequent and conspicuous, most corals bleached 4 >90 Extreme Bleaching Bleaching dominates the landscape, unbleached colonies not common. The whole reef looks white 33
Page 1 and 2: Draft A Global Protocol for Assessm
Page 3 and 4: Introduction Coral bleaching occurs
Page 5 and 6: This protocol is designed to assist
Page 7 and 8: and easily, even if only part of so
Page 9 and 10: which has very poor power to answer
Page 11 and 12: Monitoring for different scenarios
Page 13 and 14: Sites within a Location Locations w
Page 15 and 16: • The initially random selection
Page 17 and 18: Recommended Manta Tows The manta to
Page 19 and 20: Anchor damage: Pictures: Comments:
Page 21 and 22: Buddy: Vessel: Depth: Replicate: Be
Page 23 and 24: Colonies can be tagged using large
Page 25 and 26: Appendices Appendix 1. Data Forms S
Page 27 and 28: WWF Bleaching Monitoring Program Ti
Page 29 and 30: major effect not only on coral cove
Page 31: the event. Electronic salinity logg
Page 35 and 36: Table 10. Benthic codes Level 1 Lev

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