Research Methods in Toxicology and Insecticide Resistance ...

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1 2 3 5 Fig. 7.1. PoloPlus© output (chemical 1). 2. The same procedures as above are followed to create another fi le for chemical 2 (BPMC). 3. Then, a dose-response data fi le is created for the mixture (Chlorpyrifos plus BPMC). a. Likewise, the fi rst line is for identifi cation, followed by the dose-response data. b. Each of the data lines has three columns separated by a space (the dose, the number of test subjects, and the number that responded). 84 K.L. Heong, K.H. Tan, C.P.F. Garcia, L.T. Fabellar, and Z. Lu 4 6
c. Lastly, on the File menu, the Save as option is chosen and a fi le name is entered. Using the PoloMix© program 1. On the opening screen, the names of the fi rst and second chemicals (chlorpyrifos and BPMC) and their corresponding proportions (66 and 34) are entered, respectively. Then, the corresponding parameter fi les are opened when the Open the probit/logit parameter fi le is selected for each chemical fi le. 2. For the mixture, the total number of controls and the number responding are entered and then the Open the dose-response data fi le is selected. Research methods in toxicology and insecticide resistance monitoring of rice planthoppers 85
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Research Methods in Toxicology and
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Contents Foreword v Preface vii Ack
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Foreword By 2020, the world will re
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synergistic, antagonistic, or no ad
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CHAPTER 1: Introduction to insect t
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Toxicology (derived from two Greek
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ogy can be subdivided into many sub
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Step 8: 3-phosphoglycerate is isome
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Each pyruvate molecule when complet
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H + H + H + H + NADH Cytochrome c d
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Insect physiology Mitochondria A mi
Page 25 and 26:
of sodium channels allowing sodium
Page 27 and 28:
) Cytosol Pretranslation Masking, d
Page 29 and 30:
CHAPTER 2: Insecticide toxicology R
Page 31 and 32:
An insecticide is a pesticide used
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2. Application technique, for examp
Page 35 and 36:
nant in insects. In the neurons, th
Page 37 and 38:
30 g/kg, and fenoxycarb, LD 50 16.8
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tive feedback of acetylcholine rele
Page 41 and 42:
Metabolic resistance via detoxifica
Page 43 and 44: 5. pen—a recessive gene that decr
Page 45 and 46: 1. Use of an appropriate synergist,
Page 47 and 48: CHAPTER 3: Quantal response data an
Page 49 and 50: Insecticide research generally invo
Page 51 and 52: esponse to probits is available in
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 4: Rearing and preparation
Page 55 and 56: As discussed in Chapter 3, for expe
Page 57 and 58: 4.3 4.4 Fig. 4.3. Aluminum rearing/
Page 59 and 60: Preparation of standardized test in
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 5: Preparation of test solu
Page 63 and 64: The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) of
Page 65 and 66: Fig. 5.3. Recovery cage preparation
Page 67 and 68: Fig. 5.6. Treated planthoppers are
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER 6: Analyz ing quantal respo
Page 71 and 72: In Chapter 3, we discussed probit a
Page 73 and 74: 3. There is a need to further forma
Page 75 and 76: Using PoloPlus© The quantal respon
Page 77 and 78: Fig. 6.1. Output results. Research
Page 79 and 80: The values of the variance-covarian
Page 81 and 82: The lethal dose ratio on lines 95-9
Page 83 and 84: 8. Then, Paste the Excel data sets
Page 85 and 86: 3. For the fi rst population, open
Page 87 and 88: 5. Highlight and Copy the Probit va
Page 89 and 90: 9. Right-click the y-axis, and clic
Page 91 and 92: CHAPTER 7: Analyzing joint action o
Page 93: PoloMix© is another software devel
Page 97 and 98: Fig. 7.2. PoloMix© output. Researc
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 8: Presenting results Resea
Page 101 and 102: The previous chapters provide the m
Page 103 and 104: References Abbott WS. 1925. A metho
Page 105 and 106: Sudderudin KI, Tan KH. 1973. Some h
Page 107 and 108: Appendix A Table 1. Transformation
Page 109 and 110: Appendix Table B1. Raw data recordi
Page 111: Appendix C Table 1. The distributio
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