Emissions Trading Worldwide

Taiwan
under consideration
On 1 July 2015, Taiwan enacted the Greenhouse Gas Reduction
and Management Act, which sets a 50% emissions reduction target
for 2050 compared to 2005 GHG levels. The Act charges the
Taiwanese Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) with
the development of appropriate climate change policies to reach
this target.
An ETS is mentioned as a key option in the law, although no
precise timeline is given for its implementation. The Act also outlines
options for ETS design elements including: allocation, provisions
for offsets and which considerations must be taken into
account when setting the cap.
Currently, preparations are focussing on mandatory reporting
for entities from certain sectors with annual emissions above
25,000 tCO 2 e. Reporting has been ongoing since 2013. Taiwan is
also encouraging voluntary emission reduction efforts.
background information
Overall Ghg Emissions (excl. LULUCF) 270.68 MtCO 2 e (2012)
OVERALL GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR
MtCO 2 e
7.5 % 1.4 % 0.7%
Industrial processes (20.38)
Agriculture (3.76)
77.7 % 12.6 %
Waste (1.96)
energy (excl. transport) (210.41)
transport (34.17)
GHG Reduction Targets by 2050: 50% below 2005 GHG levels.
other information
mrv Reporting Frequency: Annual reporting of GHGs (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, SF 6,
NF 3, PFCs and HFCs) for entities from certain sectors with annual emissions
greater than 25,000 tCO 2e. Verification: Third-party verification is required.
Framework: As of 2004, Taiwan introduced voluntary GHG reporting under
the Air Pollution Control Act. This became mandatory in 2013 and is continued
under the Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Management Act.
Institutions involved TEPA
Thailand
under consideration
The 11 th National Economic and Development Plan (2012–2016) of
Thailand calls for several measures related to the development of
a domestic carbon market. The National Climate Change Master
Plan (2015–2050) also refers to carbon markets as a potential
mechanism to reduce GHG emissions in the private sector. The
importance of carbon markets has also been emphasized in
Thailand’s INDC. In view of this, various programs have been initiated
and/or are currently under development.
In 2013, the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization
(Public Organization) (TGO) has developed an MRV system
for the Thailand Voluntary Emissions Trading Scheme (Thailand
V-ETS). Furthermore, the Thailand Voluntary Emission Reduction
Program (T-VER), which was launched in October 2014, has 20
registered projects as of 2016, amongst which seven projects produced
339,537 credits that can be used as offsets by companies
and individuals.
The TGO is also developing a Low Carbon City (LCC) Program
as part of the World Bank’s PMR to help Thai provinces, cities, and
municipalities to build a GHG inventory along with an MRV system
for citywide emissions and set reduction targets. The TGO will
translate these mitigation actions into emissions reduction certificates
(“Certificates”) under the T-VER.
background information
Overall Ghg Emissions (excl. AFOLU) 350.7 MtCO 2 e (2012)
OVERALL GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR MtCO 2 e (2012)
9.6 %
15.9 % 1.4 %
73.1 %
Industrial processes (33.5)
Agriculture & land use change (55.7)
Waste (5.0)
energy (256.4)
GHG Reduction Targets Thailand has no mandatory GHG reduction targets
under the Kyoto Protocol. By 2020: In its Nationally Appropriate Mitigation
Action (2014), Thailand committed to a voluntary 7–20% reduction compared
to BAU in the energy and transport sectors. BY 2030: 20% reduction compared
to BAU with a 25% reduction contingent on adequate and enhanced access
to technology development and transfer, financial resources and capacity
building support through a balanced and ambitious global agreement under
the UNFCCC (INDC Submission).
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