Understanding NRT- Reading 1- 2 of 2- Radiogaphic Testing A

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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt-60
Cobalt-60, 60 Co, is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half-life of 5.2714 years. It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors. Deliberate industrial production depends on neutron activation of bulk samples of the monoisotopic and mononuclidic cobalt isotope 59 Co. Measurable quantities are also produced as a by-product of typical nuclear power plant operation and may be detected externally when leaks occur. In the latter case (in the absence of added cobalt) the incidentally produced 60 Co is largely the result of multiple stages of neutron activation of iron isotopes in the reactor's steel structures via the creation of 59 Co precursor. The simplest case of the latter would result from the activation of 58 26 Fe. 60 27 Co decays by beta decay to the stable isotope nickel-60 ( 60 28Ni). The activated nickel nucleus emits two gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV, hence the overall nuclear equation of the reaction is 59 27 Co + n → 60 27 Co → 60 28 Ni + e− + ṽ e + ɣ rays. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 1 and 2: Understandings NRT - Reading 1 Part
Page 3 and 4: NDT for Upstream Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 5 and 6: NDT for Upstream Charlie Chong/ Fio
Page 7 and 8: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Fion Zhan
Page 9 and 10: BOK NR- Neutron Radiographic Testin
Page 11 and 12: 4. Interpretation/Evaluation • Im
Page 13 and 14: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
Page 15 and 16: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 6: Radio Isotope (Gamma) So
Page 21: Cobalt-60 Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 25 and 26: Decay of Co-60 The decay scheme of
Page 27 and 28: γ-Ray Spectrum of Cobalt-60 Charli
Page 29 and 30: Isomers Nuclei can have the same ne
Page 31 and 32: Half-lives (example: Gd) Charlie Ch
Page 33 and 34: Advantages of gamma ray sources inc
Page 35 and 36: Radio Isotope - Th232 Half life: 1.
Page 37 and 38: Radio Isotope - Co60 Half life: 192
Page 39 and 40: 12.7μm sensitive silver halide blu
Page 45 and 46: Arithmetic of Exposure RELATIONS OF
Page 47 and 48: Milliamperage-Distance Relation The
Page 49 and 50: When very low kilovoltages, say 20
Page 51 and 52: Tabular Solution of Milliamperage-T
Page 53 and 54: Milliamperage-Time and Distance Rel
Page 55 and 56: THE RECIPROCITY LAW In the sections
Page 57 and 58: Approximate Corrections for Recipro
Page 59 and 60: Film Packaging Radiographic film ca
Page 61 and 62: Film Handling X-ray film should alw
Page 63 and 64: Subject contrast is determined by t
Page 65 and 66: Definition Radiographic definition
Page 67 and 68: Film should be located in a light,
Page 69 and 70: Sensitometric checks may be carried
Page 71 and 72: Film viewers should be clean and in
Page 73 and 74:
When viewing a particular region of
Page 75 and 76:
Radiographic Contrast Charlie Chong
Page 77 and 78:
In the example on the right, the sa
Page 79 and 80:
Chapter 12: Radiographic Density Fi
Page 81 and 82:
Chapter 13: Controlling Radiographi
Page 83 and 84:
Hole-Type IQIs ASTM Standard E1025
Page 85 and 86:
Wire Penetrameters ASTM Standard E7
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter 14: Exposure Calculations P
Page 89 and 90:
General Welding Discontinuities The
Page 91 and 92:
Cluster porosity is caused when flu
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Incomplete penetration (IP) or lack
Page 95 and 96:
Internal concavity or suck back is
Page 97 and 98:
External or crown undercut is an er
Page 99 and 100:
Inadequate weld reinforcement is an
Page 101 and 102:
Cracks can be detected in a radiogr
Page 103 and 104:
Oxide inclusions are usually visibl
Page 105 and 106:
Chapter 16: Radiograph Interpretati
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 109 and 110:
Shrinkage is a form of discontinuit
Page 111 and 112:
Dendritic shrinkage is a distributi
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Cracks are thin (straight or jagged
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Core shift shows itself as a variat
Page 117 and 118:
Mottling is a radiographic indicati
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Incomplete penetration, as the name
Page 121 and 122:
Root edge condition shows the penet
Page 123 and 124:
Real-time radiography is a well-est
Page 125 and 126:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 127 and 128:
Read More: https://www.nde-ed.org/T
Page 129:
Good Luck! Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhan
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Understanding NRT- Reading 1- 2 of 2- Radiogaphic Testing A

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