Summary Conservation Action Plans for Mongolian Reptiles and ...

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the oviducts of two females studied (73 and 26 eggs), suggests that this species deliberately stops laying around this date. Breeding occurs in pools around Beijing in May, and in June in Sychuan and eastern Tibet (Lui and Hu, 1961; Lui, 1950). In the Far East it lays eggs after it comes out of hibernation in April. Each clutch contains 2100-3500 eggs (Korotkon, 1974). Many larvae were found in the Nömrög river of the Ikh Khyngan mountain range in the second half of July (Munkhbaatar, 2004). There is a lack of information on development and longevity in Mongolia. In Dariganga, the average body length of females is 64mm, males 51mm. Males are therefore smaller than females. Tadpoles feed on algae, detritus and higher plants, and parts of plant tissue such as leaves, whereas adults feed on invertebrates. Adults greater than one year old in Dariganga and Nömrög river feed on crayfi sh (Gammaridae), spiders, mites, Myriapods, Collembola, Aphidinea, Cicadodea, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera (Borkin et al., 1988; AmphibiaWeb, 2006). Land cover generally includes shrub or herbaceous cover. This species is found at elevations between 583 and 1,500 metres above sea level throughout its global range (Borkin and Kuzmin, 1988). Dominant threats As this species has a restricted range and exists in isolated populations it is vulnerable to stochastic events such as extreme weather conditions. Habitat degradation constitutes a threat through wildfi res (particularly in Ikh Hyangan Mountain Range). Establishment of human settlements near water sources, grazing by increasing numbers of livestock, and infrastructure development (to some extent) pose further threats. In some areas, particularly Dariganga, pollution through release of domestic waste is also a threat (Munkhbayar and Terbish, 1997). Conservation measures in place • Parts of the species’ range occur within the Dariganga National Reserve and Nömrög Strictly Protected Area in Eastern Steppe and the Ikh Hyangan Mountain Range (Terbish et al, 2006). Conservation measures required • Establish an education programme to raise awareness on the effect of waste release and the improper use of water resources. This programme should also identify key areas for hibernation, to prevent disturbance or destruction of these habitats. This species congregates when hibernating, so entire populations can easily be destroyed. Information would be primarily distributed via leafl ets. • Agree on land management techniques or protected areas with local authorities to prevent habitat degradation. • Conduct further research on population trends and sizes, taxonomy, habitat and ecology, disease and pathogen management, and threats. Resources required for conservation • Education programme. • Land management or protected areas. • Further research on all aspects of this species. • Population monitoring programme. • Development of existing legislation regarding this species. Compilers and reviewers: B. Altantuya, J.E.M. Baillie, L. Borkin, A. Byambasuren, E.L. Clark, E. Hurelbaatar, J. Munkhbat, B. Munkhchuluun, B. Oyuntuya, Kh. Terbish and J. Uransakhan. 28
References AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. (2006). Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. Available: http://amphibiaweb.org/. Accessed: 30 March, 2007. Borkin, L.J. and Kuzmin, S.L. (1988). Amphibians of Mongolia: species accounts. In: E.I. Vorobyeva and I.S. Darevsky (eds.) Amphibians and reptiles of Mongolian People’s Republic. General problems, Chapter 3. Nauka, Moscow. Pp. 30-197. (In Russian) Frank, N. and Ramus, E. (1996). A complete guide to scientifi c and common names of reptiles and amphibians of the world. NG Publishing Inc. Pottsville, PA. 377 pp. (In English) Günther, A. (1876). Description of a new frog from Northeastern Asia // Ann. and Mag. Natur. Hist. Ser. 4. Vol. 17, ¹101. P. 387. IUCN (2007). 2007 IUCN Red List of threatened species. Available online at http://www. iucnredlist.org. Accessed 25 March, 2007. IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe (2006). Global Amphibian Assessment. . Downloaded on 23 March 2007. Kokrotkov, Yu.M. (1974). Materials of diet, distribution and ecology of Asiatic grass frog Rana semiplicata Nikolsky. Fauna and Ecology of terrestrial vertebrates in Far East of SSSR. Vladivostok. 172-180. (In Russian) Lui, Ch. (1950). Amphibians of Western China // Fieldiana: Zool. 1950. Vol. 2. P. 1-400. Lui, Ch. and Hu, Sh. (1961). The tailes amphibians of China. Beijing: Kexue chubangshe, 1961. (In Chinese) Munkhbaatar, M. (2003). The amphibians and reptiles of Eastern Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar. 76p. (In Mongolian) Munkhbayar, Kh. (1976). Mongolian amphibians and reptiles. Ulaanbaatar. Publishing House. 167p. (In Mongolian) Munkhbayar, Kh. (1987). Amphibian and Reptiles. Mongolian Red book. Section III. Ulaanbaatar. 63-96. (In Mongolian) Munkhbayar, Kh. and Eregdendagva. D. (1970). About amphibian and reptiles in Eastern Mongolia. Proceeding of Mongolian State University of Education. ¹27. (In Mongolian) Munkhbayar, Kh. and Terbish, Kh. (1997). Amphibian and reptiles. Mongolian Red Book. Section III, IV. Ulaanbaatar. 133-150. (In Mongolian and English) Nikolsky, A.M. (1918). Amphibians (Amphibia). Ptr. 311p (The fauna of Russia and adjacent country). 29
Page 1: Summary Conservation Action Plans f
Page 5: CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 INTRODU
Page 8 and 9: The World Bank (with funding from t
Page 11 and 12: FORMAT OF THE SUMMARY CONSERVATION
Page 13: REFERENCES Ananjeva, N.B., Munkhbay
Page 16 and 17: The lateral side of the head has th
Page 18 and 19: that it takes approximately three m
Page 20 and 21: Gumilevskii, B.A. (1932). The faune
Page 22 and 23: Description The average body size o
Page 24 and 25: Conservation measures required •
Page 26 and 27: Hyla japonica Günther, 1859 Order:
Page 28 and 29: (dragonfl ies, butterfl ies, beetle
Page 30 and 31: Shkatulova, A.P., Karasev, G.L. and
Page 34 and 35: Semenov, D.V. and Munkhbayar, Kh. (
Page 36 and 37: 33.3% consisted of Dipterian insect
Page 38 and 39: Vipera berus (Linnaeus, 1758) Order
Page 40 and 41: Conservation measures required •
Page 42 and 43: 1985; Orlova and Terbish, 1986; Bor
Page 44 and 45: Terbish, Kh., Munkhbayar, Kh. and M
Page 46 and 47: Scientifi c name Common name Region

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