Who goes there: Friend or Foe?

c ontents
1
Introduction, Findings, Issues
for Congress 1
Findings 2
Issues for Congress 5
2
3
Historical Review of the Causes of
Fratricide 7
Types of Fratricide 9
Tactical Constraints Due to Fear of Fratricide 18
The Prevalence of Fratricide 20
The National Training Center 24
Fratricides During the Persian Gulf War 26
Summary 28
Avoiding Fratricide:
General Considerations 29
Trends in the Frequency of Fratricide 30
Measures of the Severity of the Problem 31
The Attack Sequence 32
The Combatant’s Sources of Identification
Information 33
Identification: Friend or Foe 38
Making Choices About How To Avoid Fratricide 45
Conclusion 48
(Continued on next page)
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