Seventh International Congress of Hymenopterists

Recommendations

Info

7 th International Congress of Hymenopterists 20-26 June 2010, Kszeg Hungary _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ umbraculus clade”, which overlap in distribution. Significant phylogeographic pattern was revealed in the Western Palearctic and a close connection between the Carpathian basin, Italy and North-Western Europe. Multiple colonisation events from different sources result in the high diversity of the Central European region where an endemic haplogroup was also found. These results imply the significance of this region in phylogeographic context. Within the “typical umbraculus clade”, no pattern has been detected in variability related to the most common gall hosts, which suggests that Synergus umbraculus does not depend on a particular host association. ____________________________________ East Asian pest of elms (Ulmus spp.) now invading Europe: the zigzag sawfly, Aproceros leucopoda (Hymenoptera, Argidae) Stephan M. Blank 1 *, Hideho Hara 2 , József Mikulás 3 , György Csóka 4 , Constantin Ciornei 5 , Raoul Constantineanu 6 , Irinel Constantineanu 6 , Ladislav Roller 7 , Ewald Altenhofer 8 , Tomasz Huflejt 9 & Gábor Vétek 10 1 Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; sblank@senckenberg.de 2 Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Bibai, Hokkaido, Japan 079-0198; harahideho@hro.or.jp 3 Corvinus University of Budapest, Research Institute for Viticulture and Enology, Urihegy 5/a, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary; jozsef@mikulas.net 4 Forest Research Institute, Department of Forest Protection, P.O.Box 2, 3232 Mátrafüred, Hungary; csokagy@erti.hu 5 Forest Research and Management Institute, Stefan Cel Mare Street 28, Bacau, Romania; ciorneitinel@yahoo.com 6 Biological Research Institute, Lascar Catargi 47, 700107 Iai, Romania; racon38@yahoo.com, irinaconstantineanu@yahoo.com 7 Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia; uzaeroll@savba.sk 8 Etzen 39, 3920 Groß Gerungs, Austria; ealtenhofer@everymail.net 9 Polish Academy of Sciences, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland; thuflejt@miiz.waw.pl 10 Corvinus University of Budapest, Faculty of Horticulture Science, Department of Entomology, Villanyi út 29- 43, 1118 Budapest, Hungary; gabor.vetek@uni-corvinus.hu At least since 2003, an invasive sawfly (Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, 1939) originating from East Asia, has colonized elms in Austria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and the Ukraine. In Europe, the larvae can completely defoliate native and non-native elm trees and may cause at least partial dieback. Field observations indicate that elms are infested independent of their age and site characteristics. Young larvae cause characteristically zigzagshaped feeding traces on leaves. The life cycle of A. leucopoda is described based on material reared in Hokkaido, Japan. Parthenogenetic reproduction, short life cycle of summer generations and the ability to produce four generations per year result in the production of numerous progeny. The evolution of a seasonal dimorphism in head morphology, a simple cocoon that is attached directly to the host plant and a short period spent in cocoon stage during summer, are putative apomorphies shared by Aproceros Takeuchi, 1939 and Aprosthema Konow, 1899. These traits reduce developmental costs and contribute to the proliferation of A. leucopoda. No specialized parasitoid is known effectively reducing outbreaks of this species. The initial occurrence of A. leucopoda in Europe cannot be reconstructed. Presumably, it was introduced passively with elm plants used in horticulture or forestry. Transport of cocoons 20
7 th International Congress of Hymenopterists 20-26 June 2010, Kszeg Hungary _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ with other merchandise is also possible. Passive dispersal along with traded material might be a major way in which this species rapidly extended its distribution over great distances within Europe, but active dispersal is also to be expected, since the imagines are strong flyers. It is likely that this pest will spread into central and south-western Europe. Further monitoring of A. leucopoda is required to assess future range extensions in Europe, its exacerbating effect on Dutch elm disease and to find a suitable biocontrol agent. In a forthcoming publication (European Journal of Entomology, in press), details on identification of larvae and imagines, current distribution in Europe, development and damage caused have been summarized. ____________________________________ Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu in Europe: current distribution, associated parasitoids and biological control (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) Giovanni Bosio 1 *, Ambra Quacchia 2 , Enzo Piazza 2 , Chiara Ferracini 2 , Gianfranco Brussino 1 , George Melika 3 & Alberto Alma 2 1 Phytosanitary Service, Piedmont Region, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy;* giovanni.bosio@regione.piemonte.it 2 DIVAPRA Entomology and Zoology applied to the Environment “Carlo Vidano”, Via L. da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy 3 Pest Diagnostic Laboratory, Plant Protection & Soil Conservation Directorate of County Vas, Ambrozy setany 2, 9762 Tanakajd, Hungary; melikageorge@gmail.com The oriental chestnut gallwasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), native of China but now present in Japan, Korea, Nepal and USA, was found for the first time in Europe in Piedmont, north-western Italy in 2002 The pest was probably introduced in Europe some years before, through import of chestnut scions for genetic improvement of chestnut stands in Piedmont. Official surveys carried out in 2002 showed that infestation already involved hundreds of chestnut woods’ hectares, so attempts to eradicate were not feasible. In the following years, D. kuriphilus began to spread into many Italian regions, threatening chestnut fruit production. The pest is now reported in other neighbouring countries: France, Slovenia, Switzerland and Hungary. Chestnut trees are widely spread in Europe and especially in Italy. The fast diffusion of the chestnut gallwasp is probably due to the trade of young infested plants and to the flight of females, emerging from the galls during the summer. The huge development of an exotic pest’s population is favoured by the lack of its natural enemies in the new environment. Considering the presence of many other oak gallwasps in Italy, a shift of parasitoids from numerous species of oak cynipid galls to the new host on chestnut was expected. Since 2002 about 25 chalcidoid parasitoid species have been reared from D. kuriphilus galls which belong to 6 Chalcidoidea families: Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Torymidae, Eulophidae, Ormyridae, Eupelmidae. Among these species, Eupelmidae and Torymidae are playing the major role. Many of them were already reported as D. kuriphilus parasitoids from other countries. Parasitoid studies evaluated in different regions of Italy during 2002-2009 showed a low impact of this parasitoid complex onto the population dynamics of the chestnut gallwasp, so they can’t probably naturally control the pest. On the basis of this consideration and the lack of any other effective techniques [pesticide treatments produced nearly no positive effect], following the successful Japanese experience, the torymid ectoparasitoid, Torymus sinensis Kamijo, was introduced into Piedmont to control the pest. Chestnut galls, potentially parasitized by T. sinensis, were sent by Dr. S. Moriya (National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan) to the Entomology Department of the Agriculture Faculty of University of Turin during 2002–2008. The first T. sinensis releases in open field were made in three localities of Cuneo province in 2005. 21
Page 1 and 2: Seventh International Congress of H
Page 3 and 4: 7 th International Congress of Hyme
Page 19: 7 th International Congress of Hyme
Page 71 and 72:
7 th International Congress of Hyme
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
show all

Seventh International Congress of Hymenopterists

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?