Foundations of Python Network Programming 978-1-4302-3004-5

Recommendations

Info

CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH def process_option(tsocket, command, option): » if command == DO and option == TTYPE: » » tsocket.sendall(IAC + WILL + TTYPE) » » print 'Sending terminal type "mypython"' » » tsocket.sendall(IAC + SB + TTYPE + '\0' + 'mypython' + IAC + SE) » elif command in (DO, DONT): » » print 'Will not', ord(option) » » tsocket.sendall(IAC + WONT + option) » elif command in (WILL, WONT): » » print 'Do not', ord(option) » » tsocket.sendall(IAC + DONT + option) t = Telnet('localhost') # t.set_debuglevel(1) # uncomment this for debugging messages t.set_option_negotiation_callback(process_option) t.read_until('login:', 5) t.write('brandon\n') t.read_until('assword:', 5) # so P can be capitalized or not t.write('mypass\n') n, match, previous_text = t.expect([r'Login incorrect', r'\$'], 10) if n == 0: » print "Username and password failed - giving up" else: » t.write('exec echo $TERM\n') » print t.read_all() For more details about how Telnet options work, again, you can consult the relevant RFCs. SSH: The Secure Shell The SSH protocol is one of the best-known examples of a secure, encrypted protocol among modern system administrators (HTTPS is probably the very best known). THE SSH PROTOCOL Purpose: Secure remote shell, file transfer, port forwarding Standard: RFC 4250–4256 (2006) Runs atop: TCP/IP Default port: 22 Library: paramiko Exceptions: socket.error, socket.gaierror, paramiko.SSHException SSH is descended from an earlier protocol that supported “remote login,” “remote shell,” and “remote file copy” commands named rlogin, rsh, and rcp, which in their time tended to become much more popular than Telnet at sites that supported them. You cannot imagine what a revelation rcp was, in 278
CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH particular, unless you have spent hours trying to transfer a file between computers armed with only Telnet and a script that tries to type your password for you, only to discover that your file contains a byte that looks like a control character to Telnet or the remote terminal, and have the whole thing hang until you add a layer of escaping (or figure out how to disable both the Telnet escape key and all interpretation taking place on the remote terminal). But the best feature of the rlogin family was that they did not just echo username and password prompts without actually knowing the meaning of what was going on. Instead, they stayed involved through the process of authentication, and you could even create a file in your home directory that told them “when someone named brandon tries to connect from the asaph machine, just let them in without a password.” Suddenly, system administrators and Unix users alike received back hours of each month that would otherwise have been spent typing their password. Suddenly, you could copy ten files from one machine to another nearly as easily as you could have copied them into a local folder. SSH has preserved all of these great features of the early remote-shell protocol, while bringing bulletproof security and hard encryption that is trusted worldwide for administering critical servers. This chapter will focus on SSH-2, the most recent version of the protocol, and on the paramiko Python package that can speak the protocol—and does it so successfully that it has actually been ported to Java, too, because people in the Java world wanted to be able to use SSH as easily as we do when using Python. An Overview of SSH You have reached a point in this book where something very interesting happens: we encounter a new layer of multiplexing. The first section of this book talked a lot about multiplexing—about how UDP (Chapter 2) and TCP (Chapter 3) take the underlying IP protocol, which has no concept that there might actually be several users or applications on a single computer that need to communicate, and add the concept of UDP and TCP port numbers, so that several different conversations between a pair of IP addresses can take place at the same time. Once that basic level of multiplexing was established, we more or less left the topic behind. Through more than a dozen chapters now, we have studied protocols that take a UDP or TCP connection and then happily use it for exactly one thing—downloading a web page, or transmitting an e-mail, but never trying to do several things at the same time over a single socket. But as we now arrive at SSH, we reach a protocol so sophisticated that it actually implements its own rules for multiplexing, so that several “channels” of information can all share the same SSH socket. Every block of information SSH sends across its socket is labeled with a “channel” identifier so that several conversations can share the socket. There are at least two reasons sub-channels make sense. First, even though the channel ID takes up a bit of bandwidth for every single block of information transmitted, the additional data is small compared to how much extra information SSH has to transmit to negotiate and maintain encryption anyway. Second, channels make sense because the real expense of an SSH connection is setting it up. Host key negotiation and authentication can together take up several seconds of real time, and once the connection is established, you want to be able to use it for as many operations as possible. Thanks to the SSH notion of a channel, you can amortize the high cost of connecting by performing many operations before you let the connection close. Once connected, you can create several kinds of channels: • An interactive shell session, like that supported by Telnet • The individual execution of a single command • A file-transfer session letting you browse the remote filesystem • A port-forward that intercepts TCP connections 279
Page 2 and 3:
Foundations of Python Network Progr
Page 4 and 5:
To the Python community for creatin
Page 6 and 7:
Contents ■Contents at a Glance ..
Page 8 and 9:
■ CONTENTS Asking getaddrinfo() W
Page 10 and 11:
■ CONTENTS Using Message Queues f
Page 12 and 13:
■ CONTENTS Parsing Dates ........
Page 14 and 15:
■ CONTENTS Telnet ...............
Page 16 and 17:
About the Authors ■ Brandon Craig
Page 18 and 19:
Acknowledgements This book owes its
Page 20 and 21:
■ INTRODUCTION If you do know som
Page 22 and 23:
C H A P T E R 1 ■ ■ ■ Introdu
Page 24 and 25:
CHAPTER 1 ■ INTRODUCTION TO CLIEN
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
C H A P T E R 2 ■ ■ ■ UDP The
Page 38 and 39:
CHAPTER 2 ■ UDP server with SSH.
Page 40 and 41:
CHAPTER 2 ■ UDP them anywhere in
Page 42 and 43:
CHAPTER 2 ■ UDP command-line argu
Page 44 and 45:
CHAPTER 2 ■ UDP » » » » raise
Page 46 and 47:
CHAPTER 2 ■ UDP world itself give
Page 48 and 49:
CHAPTER 2 ■ UDP socket that is no
Page 50 and 51:
CHAPTER 2 ■ UDP So binding to an
Page 52 and 53:
CHAPTER 2 ■ UDP s.connect((hostna
Page 54 and 55:
CHAPTER 2 ■ UDP else: » print >>
Page 56 and 57:
C H A P T E R 3 ■ ■ ■ TCP The
Page 58 and 59:
CHAPTER 3 ■ TCP situation), and t
Page 60 and 61:
CHAPTER 3 ■ TCP » reply = recv_a
Page 62 and 63:
CHAPTER 3 ■ TCP guess when the in
Page 64 and 65:
CHAPTER 3 ■ TCP the system has no
Page 66 and 67:
CHAPTER 3 ■ TCP » » » print '\
Page 68 and 69:
CHAPTER 3 ■ TCP $ python tcp_dead
Page 70 and 71:
CHAPTER 3 ■ TCP Using TCP Streams
Page 72 and 73:
CHAPTER 4 ■ SOCKET NAMES AND DNS
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
CHAPTER 5 ■ NETWORK DATA AND NETW
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
C H A P T E R 6 ■ ■ ■ TLS and
Page 108 and 109:
CHAPTER 6 ■ TLS AND SSL systems a
Page 110 and 111:
CHAPTER 6 ■ TLS AND SSL • He wi
Page 112 and 113:
CHAPTER 6 ■ TLS AND SSL discussio
Page 114 and 115:
CHAPTER 6 ■ TLS AND SSL • The s
Page 116 and 117:
CHAPTER 6 ■ TLS AND SSL The Links
Page 118 and 119:
C H A P T E R 7 ■ ■ ■ Server
Page 120 and 121:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE P
Page 122 and 123:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE
Page 124 and 125:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE N
Page 126 and 127:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE L
Page 128 and 129:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE F
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE p
Page 134 and 135:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE N
Page 136 and 137:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE L
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE s
Page 142 and 143:
CHAPTER 7 ■ SERVER ARCHITECTURE c
Page 144 and 145:
C H A P T E R 8 ■ ■ ■ Caches,
Page 146 and 147:
CHAPTER 8 ■ CACHES, MESSAGE QUEUE
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
C H A P T E R 9 ■ ■ ■ HTTP Th
Page 158 and 159:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP Here, the URL sp
Page 160 and 161:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP Relative URLs Ve
Page 162 and 163:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP From now on, I a
Page 164 and 165:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP • 303 See Othe
Page 166 and 167:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP You cannot tell
Page 168 and 169:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP Instead of stuff
Page 170 and 171:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP POST And APIs Al
Page 172 and 173:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP Content Type Neg
Page 174 and 175:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP HTTP Caching Man
Page 176 and 177:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP If the connectio
Page 178 and 179:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP >>> import cooki
Page 180 and 181:
CHAPTER 9 ■ HTTP So the technique
Page 182 and 183:
C H A P T E R 10 ■ ■ ■ Screen
Page 184 and 185:
CHAPTER 10 ■ SCREEN SCRAPING Figu
Page 186 and 187:
CHAPTER 10 ■ SCREEN SCRAPING cont
Page 188 and 189:
CHAPTER 10 ■ SCREEN SCRAPING Thir
Page 190 and 191:
CHAPTER 10 ■ SCREEN SCRAPING Ther
Page 192 and 193:
CHAPTER 10 ■ SCREEN SCRAPING Beau
Page 194 and 195:
CHAPTER 10 ■ SCREEN SCRAPING If y
Page 196 and 197:
CHAPTER 10 ■ SCREEN SCRAPING Cond
Page 198 and 199:
C H A P T E R 11 ■ ■ ■ Web Ap
Page 200 and 201:
CHAPTER 11 ■ WEB APPLICATIONS Thi
Page 202 and 203:
CHAPTER 11 ■ WEB APPLICATIONS But
Page 204 and 205:
CHAPTER 11 ■ WEB APPLICATIONS the
Page 206 and 207:
CHAPTER 11 ■ WEB APPLICATIONS •
Page 208 and 209:
CHAPTER 11 ■ WEB APPLICATIONS hig
Page 210 and 211:
CHAPTER 11 ■ WEB APPLICATIONS The
Page 212 and 213:
CHAPTER 11 ■ WEB APPLICATIONS the
Page 214 and 215:
CHAPTER 11 ■ WEB APPLICATIONS The
Page 216 and 217:
C H A P T E R 12 ■ ■ ■ E-mail
Page 218 and 219:
CHAPTER 12 ■ E-MAIL COMPOSITION A
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
Page 224 and 225:
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
C H A P T E R 13 ■ ■ ■ SMTP A
Page 238 and 239:
CHAPTER 13 ■ SMTP anyway. Outgoin
Page 240 and 241:
CHAPTER 13 ■ SMTP How SMTP Is Use
Page 242 and 243:
CHAPTER 13 ■ SMTP This mechanism
Page 244 and 245:
CHAPTER 13 ■ SMTP s = smtplib.SMT
Page 246 and 247: CHAPTER 13 ■ SMTP ETRN STARTTLS X
Page 248 and 249: CHAPTER 13 ■ SMTP » s = smtplib.
Page 250 and 251: CHAPTER 13 ■ SMTP exchange mail o
Page 252 and 253: CHAPTER 13 ■ SMTP username = sys.
Page 254 and 255: C H A P T E R 14 ■ ■ ■ POP PO
Page 256 and 257: CHAPTER 14 ■ POP ■ Caution! Whi
Page 258 and 259: CHAPTER 14 ■ POP finally: » p.qu
Page 260 and 261: CHAPTER 14 ■ POP Subject: Backup
Page 262 and 263: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP THE IMAP PROTOC
Page 264 and 265: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP '(\\HasNoChildr
Page 266 and 267: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP Examining Folde
Page 268 and 269: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP Listing 15-5. D
Page 270 and 271: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP key that IMAP h
Page 272 and 273: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP » » print def
Page 274 and 275: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP » From: Brando
Page 276 and 277: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP • \Flagged: T
Page 278 and 279: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP An IMAP message
Page 280 and 281: CHAPTER 15 ■ IMAP display or summ
Page 282 and 283: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH cloud
Page 284 and 285: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH Unix
Page 286 and 287: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH Do yo
Page 288 and 289: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH As we
Page 290 and 291: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH tabif
Page 292 and 293: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH repla
Page 294 and 295: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH Listi
Page 298 and 299: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH We wi
Page 300 and 301: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH • p
Page 302 and 303: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH You w
Page 304 and 305: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH » »
Page 306 and 307: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH Listi
Page 308 and 309: CHAPTER 16 ■ TELNET AND SSH Summa
Page 310 and 311: CHAPTER 17 ■ FTP The biggest prob
Page 312 and 313: CHAPTER 17 ■ FTP f.login() print
Page 314 and 315: CHAPTER 17 ■ FTP if os.path.exist
Page 316 and 317: CHAPTER 17 ■ FTP f = FTP(host) f.
Page 318 and 319: CHAPTER 17 ■ FTP Windows servers
Page 320 and 321: CHAPTER 17 ■ FTP » try: » » f.
Page 322 and 323: C H A P T E R 18 ■ ■ ■ RPC Re
Page 324 and 325: CHAPTER 18 ■ RPC sort of proxy ex
Page 326 and 327: CHAPTER 18 ■ RPC The SimpleXMLRPC
Page 328 and 329: CHAPTER 18 ■ RPC Traceback (most
Page 330 and 331: CHAPTER 18 ■ RPC 8.0 If this
Page 332 and 333: CHAPTER 18 ■ RPC Note that the po
Page 334 and 335: CHAPTER 18 ■ RPC up being, simply
Page 336 and 337: CHAPTER 18 ■ RPC such as Python i
Page 338 and 339: CHAPTER 18 ■ RPC • Google Proto
Page 340 and 341: ■ INDEX mod_python, 194 Qpid, 131
Page 342 and 343: ■ INDEX Common Gateway Interface.
Page 344 and 345: ■ INDEX international characters
Page 346 and 347:
■ INDEX front-end web servers, 17
Page 348 and 349:
■ INDEX deleting folders, 260 del
Page 350 and 351:
■ INDEX mechanize, 138, 163 Memca
Page 352 and 353:
■ INDEX pausing terminal output,
Page 354 and 355:
■ INDEX resources. See also RFCs
Page 356 and 357:
■ INDEX shutdown(), 48 shutting d
Page 358 and 359:
■ INDEX terminals, 270-74 bufferi
Page 360 and 361:
■ INDEX ■ V validating cached r
show all

Foundations of Python Network Programming 978-1-4302-3004-5

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?