SRON_Spectrum_2016
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Mission <strong>SRON</strong> contribution Studies mainly Description Status<br />
Herschel<br />
ESA<br />
2009 - 2013<br />
HIFI<br />
Heterodyne Instrument<br />
for the Far Infrared<br />
Universe<br />
> infrared<br />
The scientists used the far infrared light that HIFI<br />
captured in the search for molecules in the ’cold<br />
universe’. They demonstrated, for example, that<br />
ended<br />
the water on earth originated from comets.<br />
29<br />
<strong>SRON</strong> <strong>Spectrum</strong><br />
XMM-Newton<br />
ESA<br />
1999 - ...<br />
RGS<br />
Reflection Grating<br />
Spectrometers<br />
Universe<br />
> X-rays<br />
The two ’M’s in XMM stand for multi-mirror.<br />
That refers to the hundreds of curved mirrors that<br />
capture the X-rays. <strong>SRON</strong> made the special spectrometers.<br />
operational<br />
Chandra<br />
NASA<br />
1999 - ...<br />
LETG<br />
Low-Energy Transmission<br />
Grating<br />
Universe<br />
> X-rays<br />
X-rays do not penetrate the earth’s atmosphere,<br />
so a satellite is needed to measure these. Chandra,<br />
for example, has a spectrometer for ‘soft X-rays’.<br />
<strong>SRON</strong> made the ring-shaped core of the spectrometer.<br />
operational<br />
INTEGRAL<br />
ESA, NASA<br />
and RKA<br />
2002 - ...<br />
Advice during<br />
construction, calibration,<br />
and research<br />
Universe<br />
> visible,<br />
X-rays,<br />
and gamma<br />
The name INTEGRAL is not just the acronym for<br />
INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory.<br />
It also stands for the integral package of radiation<br />
that the satellite observes. Besides gamma<br />
radiation the satellite can also observe X-rays and<br />
visible light.<br />
operational<br />
ALMA (Chili)<br />
ESO<br />
2011 - ...<br />
High-frequency<br />
receivers<br />
Universe<br />
> (sub)millimeter<br />
ALMA in Chile is the largest astronomical project<br />
in the world. 66 radio antennae of 7 to 12 meters<br />
in diameter receive signals from the universe.<br />
<strong>SRON</strong> was the technical consultant during the<br />
development and construction of the highfrequency<br />
receivers and is assisting in their use.<br />
operational<br />
MetOp<br />
ESA and<br />
EUMETSAT<br />
2006, 2012,<br />
2017<br />
Calibration, data<br />
processing GOME-2<br />
Global Ozone<br />
Monitoring Experiment<br />
Earth<br />
> visible light<br />
The MetOp project is successively bringing three<br />
satellites into orbit around the poles. The satellites<br />
carry out measurements on the weather and the<br />
climate. <strong>SRON</strong> collaborated on the development<br />
of the ozone meter and is helping to analyze the<br />
results.<br />
under<br />
development/<br />
operational
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