Discussion Paper Series Social Media Use and Children’s Wellbeing

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TABLE 1: Summary statistics – dependent variables, key explanatory variable and instruments MEAN ST. DEV. MIN MAX DEPENDENT VARIABLES, Level of Happiness with: School work 5.4689 1.181 1 7 Appearance 5.1796 1.413 1 7 Family 6.3528 0.995 1 7 Friends 6.3337 0.936 1 7 School 5.6196 1.418 1 7 Life 5.8934 1.088 1 7 EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, X NETCHAT (time spent chatting on social media per school day) # 2.4182 0.887 1 5 Child Aged 10 0.0738 0.262 0 1 11 0.1294 0.336 0 1 12 0.1703 0.376 0 1 13 0.2094 0.407 0 1 14 0.2188 0.413 0 1 Child Male 0.4717 0.499 0 1 Child White 0.8217 0.383 0 1 No. close friends 5.7378 3.307 0 15 Time spent watching TV (on normal school day) # 2.9754 0.705 1 5 Parent employed 0.8388 0.368 0 1 Parent has degree 0.3200 0.467 0 1 Single parent household 0.2558 0.436 0 1 Real equivalised net household income (log per month) 6.3154 0.519 0 8.78 No. of other children in household aged 0-2 0.0780 0.295 0 3 3-4 0.0847 0.292 0 2 5-11 0.5359 0.726 0 6 12-15 0.5765 0.694 0 5 Home owners 0.6777 0.467 0 1 Eve. meal with family (No. in last 7 days) # 3.1260 0.965 1 4 Want to go to university 0.6999 0.458 0 1 Ever played truant 0.0886 0.284 0 1 Ever smoked 0.0968 0.296 0 1 Stayed out after 9pm (in last month) 0.1629 0.369 0 1 Urban area 0.2450 0.430 0 1 Local unemployment rate (log) 2.0235 0.387 0.47 3.11 INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES, Z, (defined at local area level) avsyncspeed (Average synch speed of broadband connections) 11.8719 4.654 4.3 25.4 signal 3G (% of landmass with 3G outdoor coverage) 51.5065 33.916 0 100 notrec2mb (% of homes with broadband not at 2Mbits/second) 12.2081 5.285 3.1 35.9 Observations NT 6,788 Children N 3,971 # These variables are categorical, see Appendix for full definitions.
TABLE 2a: Correlation between NETCHAT and instruments INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLE AVSYNCSPEED SIGNAL 3G NOTREC2MB CORRELATION COEFFICIENT -0.0477 (p-value=0.001) -0.0279 (p-value=0.002) 0.0320 (p-value=0.008) TABLE 2b: Average values of instrumental variables by category of NETCHAT NETCHAT = Test of equality of IV means 1 INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLE 1=None 2=less 1 hour 3=1-3 hours 4=4-6 hours 5=7+ hours Aggregate 2 LAD 3 AVSYNCSPEED (Mbits/second) 12.49 11.94 11.44 11.57 12.73 0.000 0.000 SIGNAL 3G (%) 56.06 51.19 49.99 50.16 58.02 0.000 0.000 NOTREC2MB (%) 11.48 12.23 12.56 12.25 11.29 0.000 0.000 1 p-values for tests of null hypothesis of the equality of the IV means across NETCHAT. 2 Aggregate IV mean across NETCHAT. 3 LAD IV mean across NETCHAT.
Page 1 and 2: Discussion Paper Series IZA DP No.
Page 3 and 4: IZA DP No. 10412 December 2016 Abst
Page 5 and 6: functions. It is a tool for develop
Page 7 and 8: and Edge (2012) found that students
Page 9 and 10: ullied on educational attainment at
Page 11 and 12: provided in the Appendix. We reorde
Page 13 and 14: estimates. We therefore seek to con
Page 15 and 16: oth at the local authority level, a
Page 17 and 18: mean over time, hence the null hypo
Page 19 and 20: their friends; using avsyncspeed su
Page 21 and 22: significant and exceed the minimum
Page 23 and 24: the cyberbullying theory. The UKHLS
Page 25 and 26: they are accessing social networks
Page 27 and 28: Helliwell, J., and Huang, H. (2013)
Page 29 and 30: Verduyn, P., Lee, D. S., Park, J.,
Page 31: FIGURE 3: Distribution of instrumen
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 3b: Marginal effects for NETC
Page 37 and 38: TABLE 4b: Marginal effects for NETC
Page 39 and 40: TABLE 6: Coefficients for NETCHAT f
Page 41 and 42: TABLE 8: Sub-group analysis by gend
Page 43: APPENDIX: Variable definitions - co

Discussion Paper Series Social Media Use and Children’s Wellbeing

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