Display and Interface Design

Contents
ix
4.5.2 Cognitive Illusions.................................................................86
4.5.3 Ecological Rationality............................................................87
4.5.3.1 Less Is More.............................................................87
4.5.3.2 Take the Best............................................................88
4.5.3.3 One-Reason Decision Making..............................88
4.6 Summary and Conclusions................................................................89
References........................................................................................................90
5. The Dynamics of Situation Awareness....................................................93
5.1 Introduction..........................................................................................93
5.2 Representation Systems and Modes of Behavior............................94
5.2.1 Signal Representations/Skill-Based Behavior....................95
5.2.2 Sign Representations/Rule-Based Behavior.......................96
5.2.3 Symbol Representations/Knowledge-Based
Behaviors.................................................................................97
5.3 Representations, Modes, and the Decision Ladder........................99
5.3.1 Skill-Based Synchronization.................................................99
5.3.2 Rule-Based Shortcuts........................................................... 101
5.3.3 Knowledge-Based Reasoning............................................. 101
5.3.4 Summary............................................................................... 101
5.4 Ecological Interface Design (EID).................................................... 102
5.4.1 Complementary Perspectives on EID................................ 103
5.4.2 Qualifications and Potential
Misunderstandings.............................................................. 104
5.5 Summary............................................................................................ 105
References...................................................................................................... 106
6. A Framework for Ecological Interface Design (EID)........................... 109
6.1 Introduction........................................................................................ 109
6.2 Fundamental Principles.................................................................... 111
6.2.1 Direct Manipulation/Direct Perception........................... 112
6.3 General Domain Constraints........................................................... 115
6.3.1 Source of Regularity: Correspondence-Driven
Domains................................................................................. 116
6.3.2 Source of Regularity: Coherence-Driven
Domains................................................................................. 117
6.3.3 Summary............................................................................... 118
6.4 General Interface Constraints.......................................................... 119
6.4.1 Propositional Representations............................................ 119
6.4.2 Metaphors.............................................................................. 120
6.4.3 Analogies...............................................................................122
6.4.4 Metaphor versus Analogy...................................................122
6.4.5 Analog (versus Digital)........................................................123
6.5 Interface Design Strategies............................................................... 124
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